ДЦП (гиперкинез)

Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 18 Декабря 2012 в 17:41, реферат

Краткое описание

В XX в. предлагались различные классификации гиперкинезов. Так, Н.К. Боголепов в 1953 г. дифференцировал их на локальные и генерализованные, ритмические и неритмические. Существуют попытки разделять гиперкинезы по локализации их морфологического субстрата. С. Хунт и О. Фогт (1918) считали причиной гиперкинезов нарушение функции стриатума и в связи с этим функциональную растормо-женность структур паллидума.

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|                                  |                                   | формация,           |                                        |                         | длительность болезни —     |                              | припадками           |                       | во сне; характерна  |                                 | мышц               |

|                                  |                                   | черная                 |                                        |                         | 10—15 лет, исход                |                              |                              |                       | неодина ковая         |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | субстанция,         |                                        |                         | летальный                           |                              |                              |                       | выраженность в      |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | бледный шар,      |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       | «хорошие» и           |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | таламус, кора      |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       | «плохие» дни          |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | больших              |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | полушарий           |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | головного мозга   |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Миоритмии                | Инфекционные,          | Ядро нижней        | Не установлены              | В любом           | Зависит от основного          | Преимущественно | Локальный             | Ритмичный     | Наблюдается в       | Отсутствуют            | Не изменен       |

|                                  | демиелинизирующие, | оливы, красное    |                                        | возрасте          | заболевания                        | в мышцах мягкого  | миоклонический    |                       | покое и при             |                                 | или мышечная  |

|                                  | сосудистые                | ядро, зубчатое     |                                        |                         |                                            | неба, гортани,       | гиперкинез с          |                       | движениях, иногда  |                                 | дистония          |

|                                  | заболевания, травмы  | ядро мозжечка,    |                                        |                         |                                            | голосовых             | четким                   |                       | сохраняется во       |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | центральный        |                                        |                         |                                            | складок,                | двигательным        |                       | время сна               |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | путь покрышки     |                                        |                         |                                            | диафрагмы,          | эффектом             |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | мозгового ствола |                                        |                         |                                            | иногда                   |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | (при вело-            |                                        |                         |                                            | распространяется  |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | палатинной          |                                        |                         |                                            | с одной группы      |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | миоритмии)          |                                        |                         |                                            | мышц на другую    |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Писчий спазм            | Дегенеративные,        | Базальные           | Не установлены              | В возрасте       | Стационарное                      | Мышцы кисти        | Тоническая            | Неритмичен    | Развивается           | Остальные функции | Не изменен       |

|                                  | инфекционные и         | ганглии                |                                        | 20—40 лет        |                                            |                              | судорога пальцев  |                       | только во время      | руки, как правило,    |                         |

|                                  | другие поражения      |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       | письма                    | сохранены               |                         |

|                                  | ц.н.с., неврозы,          |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  | иногда является         |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  | локальной формой     |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  | торсионной дистонии  |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Тик (болезнь Бриссо) | Неврозы.                    | Не уточнена         | Не установлены              | В любом           | Зависит от основного          | Могут                    | Быстрые,               | Неритмичен    | Исчезает во сне      | Отсутствуют            | Не изменен       |

|                                  | Инфекционные,          |                            |                                        | возрасте          | заболевания                        | наблюдаться в      | повторяющиеся     |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  | токсические и другие  |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | любой части тела, | движения в            |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  | поражения ц. н. с.      |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | чаще в мышцах     | определенной        |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | лица и                   | части тела,            |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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