ДЦП (гиперкинез)

Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 18 Декабря 2012 в 17:41, реферат

Краткое описание

В XX в. предлагались различные классификации гиперкинезов. Так, Н.К. Боголепов в 1953 г. дифференцировал их на локальные и генерализованные, ритмические и неритмические. Существуют попытки разделять гиперкинезы по локализации их морфологического субстрата. С. Хунт и О. Фогт (1918) считали причиной гиперкинезов нарушение функции стриатума и в связи с этим функциональную растормо-женность структур паллидума.

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|                                  | интоксикации,             | ретикулярная       |                                        |                         | отдельных случаях              | ключично-             | клонические           |                       | (ходьбе)                  | (перераспределение |                         |

|                                  | травмы. Как               | формация            |                                        |                         | переходит в торсионную      | сосцевидной,        | судороги с             |                       |                                | тонуса мышц            |                         |

|                                  | рефлекторный            |                            |                                        |                         | дистонию                            | трапециевидной    | вращением или      |                       |                                | туловища); на          |                         |

|                                  | симптом                     |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мышцах, задних    | наклоном головы в |                       |                                | ранних стадиях        |                         |

|                                  | наблюдается также    |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мышцах шеи;         | сторону                 |                       |                                | прикосновение руки  |                         |

|                                  | при остеохондрозе,    |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | участвуют             |                              |                       |                                | к подбородку или     |                         |

|                                  | шейном радикулите,   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мышцы-                 |                              |                       |                                | щеке на стороне      |                         |

|                                  | миозите шейных         |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | синергисты; чаще  |                              |                       |                                | гиперкинеза             |                         |

|                                  | мышц и др.                 |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | односторонняя      |                              |                       |                                | уменьшает его         |                         |

|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Лицевой гемиспазм   | Воспалительное или   | Лицевой нерв       | Не установлены              | Средний,          | Прогрессирующее, затем    | В начале               | Стереотипные        | Неритмичен    | В спокойной            | Отсутствуют            | Не изменен       |

|                                  | компрессионное         | (ядро, корешок),   |                                        | пожилой           | стабильное, возможно         | заболевания          | движения               |                       | обстановке              |                                 |                         |

|                                  | поражение лицевого   | базальные           |                                        |                         | постепенное развитие          | легкие спазмы       | преимущественно  |                       | гемиспазм               |                                 |                         |

|                                  | нерва                         | ганглии (?)           |                                        |                         | двустороннего гемиспазма  | мышц век,             | тонического, реже  |                       | развивается            |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | круговой мышцы    | клонического,        |                       | несколько раз в       |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | глаза, затем          | тикозного               |                       | день, приступы       |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | спазм                    | характера              |                       | провоцируются       |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | распространяется  |                              |                       | движениями            |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | на всю половину   |                              |                       | мимическихмышц,   |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | лица, вовлекается |                               |                       | эмоциями,               |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | только                   |                              |                       | продолжительность |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мимическая           |                              |                       | 2—3 мин                 |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мускулатура          |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|

| Лицевой параспазм   | Сосудистые,              | Базальные           | Не установлены              | В любом           | Прогрессирующее или         | Симметрично в      | Тонические или      | Неритмичен    | Наблюдается в       | Отсутствуют            | Не изменен       |

|                                  | инфекционные            | ганглии,               |                                        | возрасте          | стабильное                          | обеих половинах   | тонико-                  |                       | покое,                     |                                 |                         |

|                                  | заболевания, травмы  | мозговой ствол    |                                        |                         |                                            | лица, вначале по   | клонические           |                       | провоцируется        |                                 |                         |

|                                  | головного мозга          |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | типу                      | судороги с             |                       | эмоциональным      |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | блефароспазма,    | преобладанием      |                       | напряжением,         |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | затем                    | тонического           |                       | исчезает во сне      |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | вовлекается          | компонента            |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мимическая           |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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