ДЦП (гиперкинез)

Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 18 Декабря 2012 в 17:41, реферат

Краткое описание

В XX в. предлагались различные классификации гиперкинезов. Так, Н.К. Боголепов в 1953 г. дифференцировал их на локальные и генерализованные, ритмические и неритмические. Существуют попытки разделять гиперкинезы по локализации их морфологического субстрата. С. Хунт и О. Фогт (1918) считали причиной гиперкинезов нарушение функции стриатума и в связи с этим функциональную растормо-женность структур паллидума.

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|                                  | паркинсонизм             |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | экзо- и                   |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | эндогенных            |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | факторов               |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Дрожание                  | Наследование по        | Базальные           | Снижение                        | Чаще в             | Медленно                            | Тремор                  | Качательные          | 4—12             | В начале                 | Других изменений в  | Не изменен      |

| эссенциальное          | аутосомно-                 | ганглии,               | катехоламинергической,  | возрасте 20—   | прогрессирующее,               | преобладает в       | движения головы   | колебаний в    | заболевания            | неврологическом      | или мышечная  |

| (наследствен-            | доминантному типу с  | мозжечок,           | главным образом            | 30 лет              | возможны длительные         | верхней половине  | («да-да», «нет-       | 1 с, частота    | наблюдается           | статусе не               | дистония          |

| ное, семейное,          | различной                  | ретикулярная       | норадреналинергической |                         | ремиссии                             | туловища,             | нет»), сгибание —  | непостоянна,  | только при              | наблюдается            |                         |

| идиопатическое)        | экспрессивностью      | формация            | активности                      |                         |                                            | вовлекаются         | разгибание кистей  | с возрастом   | движении, затем и  |                                 |                         |

|                                  | мутантного гена         |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | голова, руки,         | рук, пальцев          | частота          | в покое,                  |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | почти не                |                              | уменьшается, | уменьшается во      |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | наблюдается в      |                              | амплитуда      | сне, при приеме      |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | ногах; участвуют   |                              | возрастает     | алкоголя, β-             |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мышцы-                 |                              |                       | блокаторов              |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | антагонисты          |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Интенционная            | Не уточнена               | Моторные зоны    | Не установлены              | Детский,           | Прогрессирующее или         | Возникает             | Тонические,           | Неритмичен    | Приступ может        | Потери сознания не  | Не изменен       |

| судорога Рюльфа     |                                   | коры больших      |                                        | молодой           | стабильное                          | внезапно,              | тонико-                  |                       | прекратиться при    | происходит, после   |                         |

|                                  |                                   | полушарий           |                                        |                         |                                            | приступообраэно   | клонические           |                       | болевом или            | приступа нет            |                         |

|                                  |                                   | головного мозга   |                                        |                         |                                            | в любой мышце     | судороги, могут     |                       | другом                    | парезов                    |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | конечности или      | перейти в общий    |                       | раздражении           | конечностей             |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | лица, особенно      | судорожный           |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | при неожиданном  | припадок,              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | движении,             | появляется после  |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | генерализуется,    | внезапных,            |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | распространяясь   | требующих            |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | на всю                  | быстрого темпа и   |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | одноименную        | автоматизма          |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | половину тела       | движений               |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Кривошея                  | Инфекционные,          | Ножки мозга,       | Не установлены              | Чаще в             | Прогрессирующее до          | Спазм                   | Стереотипные        | Неритмичен    | Наблюдается в       | Фиксация поворота  | Повышен в        |

| спастическая            | сосудистые                | покрышка             |                                        | возрасте 20—   | стойкой фиксации головы,   | локализован в       | тонические или      |                       | покое, усиливается | или наклона головы, | вовлеченных     |

|                                  | заболевания,              | ствола,                |                                        | 40 лет              | затем стабильное,               | грудино-                | тонико-                  |                       | при движении          | изменения статики   | мышцах            |

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