ДЦП (гиперкинез)

Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 18 Декабря 2012 в 17:41, реферат

Краткое описание

В XX в. предлагались различные классификации гиперкинезов. Так, Н.К. Боголепов в 1953 г. дифференцировал их на локальные и генерализованные, ритмические и неритмические. Существуют попытки разделять гиперкинезы по локализации их морфологического субстрата. С. Хунт и О. Фогт (1918) считали причиной гиперкинезов нарушение функции стриатума и в связи с этим функциональную растормо-женность структур паллидума.

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| Хорея                        | Ревматический           | Хвостатое ядро,  | Не установлены              | Чаще в             | Средняя длительность 1—5 | Начинается в        | Быстрые                | Неритмичен    | Наблюдается в       | Другие признаки       | Снижен или      |

| ревматическая          | энцефалит                 | скорлупа, кора     |                                        | возрасте 8—16 | месяцев, возможны             | мышцах лица, рук, | неожиданные,        |                       | покое, исчезает во  | ревматизма              | мышечная        |

|                                  |                                   | больших              |                                        | лет                   | рецидивы                            | затем может          | нестереотипные,    |                       | сне, усиливается    | (кардит, артрит,       | дистония          |

|                                  |                                   | полушарий           |                                        |                         |                                            | распространиться  | размашистые;       |                       | при волнении,         | васкулит)                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | головного мозга   |                                        |                         |                                            | на мышцы всего    | больные                 |                       | движениях,             |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | тела, часто по       | гримасничают,       |                       | произвольное          |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | гемитипу               | пританцовывают    |                       | подавление             |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | (гемихорея);          | при ходьбе            |                       | невозможно            |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | участвуют             |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мышцы-                 |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | антагонисты и       |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мышцы-                 |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | синергисты            |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Эпилепсия                 | Клещевой энцефалит | Моторные,           | Не установлены              | В любом           | Прогрессирующее, затем    | Преимущественно | Постоянный           | Неритмичен    | Наблюдается в       | Периодически —      | Спастический   |

| Кожевниковская        |                                   | премоторные       |                                        | возрасте          | стабильное                          | в мышцах лица,     | клонический           |                       | покое, во сне не      | большие                   | тонус,               |

|                                  |                                   | зоны коры            |                                        |                         |                                            | руки                      | гиперкинез в          |                       | исчезает                 | судорожные             | дистония          |

|                                  |                                   | больших              |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | определенной        |                       |                                | припадки                  | мышц               |

|                                  |                                   | полушарий           |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | группе мышц          |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | головного мозга   |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Эпилепсия                 | Опухоли,                    | Моторные,           | Не установлены              | В любом           | Зависит от течения              | Судороги               | Клонические          | Неритмичен    | Приступ                  | Как правило, потери | Пирамидный     |

| кортикальная             | сосудистые,               | премоторные       |                                        | возрасте          | основного заболевания        | начинаются в        | судороги                |                       | продолжается в      | сознания не             | тонус,               |

| (джексоновская)        | паразитарные,            | зоны коры            |                                        |                         |                                            | определенной        |                              |                       | течение нескольких | происходит, после   | дистония          |

|                                  | инфекционные            | больших              |                                        |                         |                                            | части тела (чаще   |                              |                       | минут                      | приступа возможен  |                         |

|                                  | заболевания               | полушарий           |                                        |                         |                                            | в руке, лице),        |                              |                       |                                | паралич                   |                         |

|                                  | головного мозга          | головного мозга   |                                        |                         |                                            | затем                    |                              |                       |                                | конечностей, в         |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | распространяются |                              |                       |                                | которых были           |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | на мышцы той же  |                               |                       |                                | судороги, в ряде      |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | стороны, могут      |                              |                       |                                | случаев переходит   |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | переходить на       |                              |                       |                                | в большой                |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | другую сторону;    |                              |                       |                                | судорожный             |                         |

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