ДЦП (гиперкинез)

Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 18 Декабря 2012 в 17:41, реферат

Краткое описание

В XX в. предлагались различные классификации гиперкинезов. Так, Н.К. Боголепов в 1953 г. дифференцировал их на локальные и генерализованные, ритмические и неритмические. Существуют попытки разделять гиперкинезы по локализации их морфологического субстрата. С. Хунт и О. Фогт (1918) считали причиной гиперкинезов нарушение функции стриатума и в связи с этим функциональную растормо-женность структур паллидума.

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|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         | гемипареза, течение            | участвуют             | конечностях           |                       | внимания, легком    |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         | прогрессирующее или         | мышцы-                 |                              |                       | массаже                 |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         | стабильное                          | синергисты            |                              |                       | конечностей,           |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       | усиливается при     |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       | эмоциональном       |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       | напряжении,            |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       | активных                 |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              |                              |                       | движениях              |                                 |                         |

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| Дрожание                  | Демиелинизирующие, | Зубчатое ядро и  | Не установлены              | В любом           | Зависит от течения              | Конечности (в        | Толчкообразные     | Неритмичен    | Появляется только  | Зависят от               | Низкий,             |

| интенционное            | дегенеративные,        | верхние ножки     |                                        | возрасте          | основного заболевания        | большей степени   | движения,              |                       | при движении,         | основного                | дистония или    |

|                                  | сосудистые,               | мозжечка             |                                        |                         |                                            | дистальные их      | амплитуда             |                       | преимущественно   | заболевания             | повышение по   |

|                                  | воспалительные         |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | отделы), голова,    | которых                 |                       | в конце движения    |                                 | спастическому  |

|                                  | заболевания               |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | туловище,             | возрастает по        |                       |                                |                                 | типу                 |

|                                  | головного мозга          |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | участвуют             | мере приближения |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мышцы-                 | к цели данного       |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | антагонисты          | произвольного       |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | действия               |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Дрожание                  | Возможны                  | Черная                | Нарушение равновесия   | В любом           | Медленно                            | Преобладает         | Простые                | 4—6 (3—7)     | Наблюдается в       | Сочетание                | Повышен по      |

| паркинсоническое     | наследственные         | субстанция          | в системах дофамин —  | возрасте,          | прогрессирующее                | тремор                  | ритмичные             | колебаний в    | покое, сохраняется | дрожания с              | пластическому  |

|                                  | причины (болезнь       | (поражение          | ацетилхолин (дефицит    | чаще в             |                                            | дистальных           | колебательные       | 1 с, частота    | при движениях,       | гипобрадикинезией   | типу (феномен  |

|                                  | Паркинсона), связь с  | содержащих        | дофамина) и серотонин   | среднем и        |                                            | отделов                 | движения или        | тремора         | исчезает во сне      | и ригидностью         | «зубчатого        |

|                                  | инфекционными         | меланин               | — гистамин (снижение    | пожилом           |                                            | конечностей,         | более сложные      | изменяется    |                                | мышц: флексорная   | колеса»)           |

|                                  | (энцефалит),              | нейронов             | уровня серотонина)         |                         |                                            | может отмечаться | («счет монет»,       | мало              |                                | поза туловища,        |                         |

|                                  | сосудистыми,             | компактной          |                                        |                         |                                            | тремор головы,      | «скатывание          |                       |                                | маскообразное лицо |                         |

|                                  | токсическими,            | зоны), голубое     |                                        |                         |                                            | нижней челюсти,   | пилюль»);              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  | травматическими       | пятно, бледный    |                                        |                         |                                            | языка, участвуют  | амплитуда             |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  | поражениями              | шар,                    |                                        |                         |                                            | мышцы-                 | мелкая, средняя    |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  | головного мозга,         | ретикулярная       |                                        |                         |                                            | антагонисты          | или крупная,          |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  | выделяют также         | формация            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | может изменяться  |                      |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  | лекарственный           |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | под влиянием        |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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