ДЦП (гиперкинез)

Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 18 Декабря 2012 в 17:41, реферат

Краткое описание

В XX в. предлагались различные классификации гиперкинезов. Так, Н.К. Боголепов в 1953 г. дифференцировал их на локальные и генерализованные, ритмические и неритмические. Существуют попытки разделять гиперкинезы по локализации их морфологического субстрата. С. Хунт и О. Фогт (1918) считали причиной гиперкинезов нарушение функции стриатума и в связи с этим функциональную растормо-женность структур паллидума.

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|                                  | новорожденных          | черная                 |                                        |                         |                                            | антагонисты          | неестественном     |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | субстанция,         |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | положении, чаще   |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   | таламус               |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | в состоянии           |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | переразгибания      |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Атетоз                       | Сосудистые,              | Хвостатое ядро,  | Не установлены              | В любом           | Зависит от течения              | Преобладает в      | Медленные            | Неритмичен    | Наблюдается в       | Нередко сочетается | Мышечная        |

| симптоматический     | опухолевые,               | скорлупа, черная |                                        | возрасте          | основного заболевания        | мышцах рук           | червеобразные,     |                       | покое, исчезает во  | с гемипарезом,        | дистония          |

|                                  | инфекционные и         | субстанция,         |                                        |                         |                                            | (особенно кисти),   | вычурные, с           |                       | сне, усиливается    | пирамидными           |                         |

|                                  | другие заболевания;   | таламус               |                                        |                         |                                            | реже                     | тоническим            |                       | при волнении, во     | симптомами,            |                         |

|                                  | травмы головного       |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | наблюдается в      | напряжением         |                       | время                     | чувствительными     |                         |

|                                  | мозга                         |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | ногах и мышцах     | пальцев, их            |                       | произвольных         | нарушениями на       |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | лица. Иногда         | застыванием в       |                       | движений                | противоположной     |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | распространяется  | неестественных    |                       |                                | очагу стороне          |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | по гемитипу;          | позах, обычно в     |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | участвуют             | состоянии              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | мышцы-                 | переразгибания      |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | антагонисты          |                              |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Гемибаллизм             | Сосудистые               | Субталамическое | Не установлены              | Средний,          | Развивается остро или        | Наблюдается в      | Быстрые                | Неритмичен    | Наблюдается в       | Отсутствуют            | Мышечная        |

|                                  | заболевания (в           | ядро Льюиса и     |                                        | пожилой           | подостро                             | мышцах половины | вращательные,      |                       | покое и при             |                                 | дистония          |

|                                  | большинстве              | его связи с          |                                        |                         |                                            | тела,                     | бросковые             |                       | движениях,             |                                 |                         |

|                                  | случаев) и опухоли     | бледным шаром   |                                        |                         |                                            | преимущественно  | движения большой |                      | усиливается при     |                                 |                         |

|                                  | головного мозга          |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | проксимальных     | амплитуды и          |                       | эмоциональных       |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            | отделов рук и ног  | силы, возможны     |                       | нагрузках                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | травмы при ударе  |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | о препятствие или  |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | разрыв мышцы       |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | при резком             |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

|                                  |                                   |                            |                                        |                         |                                            |                              | движении               |                       |                                |                                 |                         |

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| Гемитония                 | Сосудистые               | Кора больших      | Не установлены              | Средний и        | Появляется через                | Мышцы                 | Тонические            | Неритмичен    | Наблюдается в       | Отсутствуют            | Спастический   |

| Бехтерева                 | поражения головного  | полушарий,          |                                        | пожилой           | несколько дней или             | конечностей, лица | судороги в             |                       | покое, ослабевает   |                                 | тонус,               |

|                                  | мозга                         | пирамидный путь |                                        | возраст            | месяцев после развития      | (по гемитипу);        | паретичных            |                       | при отвлечении       |                                 | дистония          |

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