Обучение говорению на иностранном языке

5. Разработаны рекомендации по формированию плана урока, где учителю рекомендуется руководствоваться следующими видами экспозиции:

- экспозиция, являющаяся  изложением как материала, так и проблематики обсуждения;

 

- экспозиция с невыраженной  проблематикой;

- экспозиция с заданной  проблематикой, но невыраженным  материалом обсуждения.

6. Разработана рекомендация по выбору организационных форм дискуссии, таких как:

- тематической;

- заранее подготовленной  и спонтанной;

- чисто устной; с опорой  на печатный текст, либо с  применением визуальных средств;

- специально организуемой.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Приложение 1

Ulyanovsk region.

Ulyanovsk region borders upon Saratovskaya, Penzenskya, Samarskaya oblasts and the republic of Mordovia, Chuvashia and Tatarstan. The main rivers are the Volga with its tributaries Sura and Sviiyaga. There is the Kuibyshevsckoye water basin in the territory of region. The oblast was formed on the of January, 1943. Its area is 37, 3 thousand sq. km (0, 22% of the total area of the Russian Federation). The region includes 20 districts, 6 cities and towns, 4 urban districts, 32 urban settlements, 284 villages. The regional centre is Ulyanovsk. The city was founded in the year of 1648. The city consists of 4 districts: Zheleznodorozhny, Zavolzhsky, Zasviyazhsky, Leninsky. The main cities are Ulyanovsk (690, 9 thousand inhabitants), Dimitrovgrad (136, 7), Inza (22, 9), Barysh (21,5).

     Ulyanovskaya oblast is the multinational where side by side live and work people of about 100 nationalities. Mainly, they are the Russians, the Tatars, the Chuvashs, the Mordovians.

     People of different religions live in the region. The majority  the population professes Christianity and Islam. For the last decade 100 orthodox temples, one German church and about 80 mosques were restored and constructed. The cultural traditions of the region have deep roots.

     The Simbirsk land gave a lot of outstanding figures, statesman, poets, artists, writers. V. I. Lenin and A. F. Kerensky studied in the same grammar school. The great Russian writer I. A. Goncharov was born and grew up here. The several monuments to the writer in the city. The most interesting one is the memorial building on the bank of the Volga. It was built in honor of the centenary  of I. A. Goncharov in 1916.

      Nowadays two museums are here: the Museum of Local Lore and the Museum of Art.

      Here lived and worked such people as the writer Nikolay Karamzin, the poets  Nikolay Yazykov, Dmitry Sadovnikov, Dmitry Minaev. It is the birth place of the outstanding artist of the present A. A. Plastov.

      Now there are dozens of museums and their branches, the creative unions of writers, artists and journalists.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Приложение 2

Ivan Goncharov

     Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov (Russian: 18 June [O.S. 6 June] 1812 – 27 September [O.S. 15 September] 1891) was a Russian novelist best known as the author of Oblomov (1859). He was born in Simbirsk (now Ulyanovsk ), his father was a wealthy grain merchant. After graduating from Moscow University in 1834 Goncharov served for thirty years as a minor government official.

Literary career

     In 1847, Goncharovʼs first novel, Obyknovennaiaistoriia (usually translated into English as A Common Story), was published; it dealt with the conflicts between the excessive Romanticism of a young Russian nobleman, freshly arrived in Saint Petersburg from the provinces, and the emerging commercial class of the Imperial capital with its sober pragmatism. It was followed by Ivan SavichPodzhabrin (1848), a naturalist psychological sketch. Between 1852 and 1855 Goncharov voyaged to England, Africa, Japan, and back to Russia via Siberia as the secretary of Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin. His travelogue, a chronicle of the trip, The Frigate Pallada (The Frigate Pallas ), was published in 1858 ("Pallada" is the Russian spelling of "Pallas" ).

Later career

     In 1867, Goncharov retired from his post as a government censor and then published his last novel – Obryv (in English The Precipice) (1869), which is the story of a romantic rivalry among three men and provided a condemnation of nihilism in defence of the religious and moral values of old Russia. Goncharov also wrote short stories, critiques, articles (including a famous essay in 1871 on Griboyedovʼs Woe from Wit), and some memoirs that were only published posthumously in 1919. He spent the rest of his days absorbed in lonely and bitter recriminations because of the negative criticism some of his work received. Goncharov  never married. He died in St. Petersburg.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Приложение 3

Nikolay Karamzin

     Nikolay Mikhailovich Karamzin (Russian: 12 December [O.S. 1 December] 1766 – 3 June [O.S. 22 May] 1826) was a Russian writer, poet, historian, and critic. He is best remembered for his History of the Russian State, a 12-volume national history. Karamzin was born in the village of Mikhailovka. His father was an officer in the Russian army. After residing for some time in St Petersburg he went to Simbirsk, where he lived in retirement until induced to revisit Moscow.

Karamzin as a writer

      In 1794 Karamzin abandoned his literary journal and published a miscellany in two volumes entitled Aglaia, in which appeared, among other stories, The Island of Bornholm and Ilya Muromets, the latter a story based on the adventures of the well-known hero of many a Russian legend. From 1797 to 1799 he issued another miscellany or poetical almanac, The Aonides, in conjunction with Derzhavin and Dmitriev. In 1798 he compiled The Pantheon, a collection of pieces from the works of the most celebrated authors ancient and modern, translated into Russian. In 1802 and 1803 Karamzin edited the journal the Envoy to Europe (Vestnik Evropy). It was not until after the publication of this work that he realized where his strength lay, and commenced his 12 volume History of the Russian State.

Karamzin as a historian

     Karamzin wrote openly as the panegyrist of the autocracy; indeed, his work has been styled the Epic of Despotism, and considered Ivan III as the architect of Russian greatness, a glory that he had earlier (perhaps while more under the influence of Western ideas) assigned to Peter the Great. (The deeds of Ivan the Terrible are described with disgust, though.). Karamzin is sometimes considered a founding father of Russian conservatism. His conservative views were clearly expounded in The Memoir on Old and New Russia, written for Alexander I in 1812. This scathing attack on reforms proposed by Mikhail Speransky was to become a cornerstone of official ideology of imperial Russia for years to come.

He did not, however, live to carry his work further than the eleventh volume, terminating it at the accession of Michael Romanov in 1613. He died on the 22nd of May (old style) 1826, in the Tauride Palace. A monument was erected to his memory at Simbirsk in 1845.

 

Приложение 4

Ulyanovsk

     Ulyanovsk is a city on the Volga River in Russian, 893 km east from Moscow. It is the administrative center of  Ulyanovsk Oblast, and is the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (originally named Ulyanov), for whom it is named. Population: 635, 947 (2002 Census).

     Simbirsk was founded in 1648 by the boyar Bogdan Khitrovo. In 1668 Simbirsk withstood a month – long siege by a 20, 000 – strong army led by rebel Cossack commander S. Razin. Aiso in Simbirsk another country rebel – Yemelyan Pugachev was imprisoned before execution.

     In  the summer of 1864 Simbirsk was severely damaged by fire, however the city was quickly rebuilt and continued to grow… In 1924, the city was renamed Ulyanovsk in honor of Vladimir Ulyanov, better known as Lenin, who was born in Simbirsk in 1870. Another Russian political leader, Alexander Kerensky was also born in Simbirsk.

     During the Soviet period Ulyanovsk was an important tourist center, drawing visitors from around the USSR because of its revolutionary importance.

     Ulyanovsk is a significant industrial city. The UAZ automobile manufacturing plant, Aviastar – SP Aircraft Company and UMZ are bazed in the city along with a variety of light industry and food – processing enterprises.

     Tourism is a growing business in the city and the surrounding area.

      A railway bridge across the Volga was built in 1912 – 1916 and two automobile lanes were added to it in 1953 – 1958, allowing for the city to expand on the Eastern (left) bank of the river and transforming it into a local transport hub. As the aging  Ulyanovsk bridge, the only crossing of the Volga in the 400 km stretch from Kazan to Tolyatti, could no longer cope with the growing  needs of the city the construction of  New Ulyanovsk Bridge, a truss bridge began in the late 1980s. Its official opening ceremony was on 24 November 2009 by the Russian President Dmitry Medvedev – although traffic was using the bridge a few days earlier. The bridge has a total length of 5.5 km, making it one of the longest in Europe.

     Local transport in the city is provided by 17 tram lines, 7 trolleybus routes, 50 municipal bus routes and around 150 minibus services.

 

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