Usage of it in the process of translation

In view of the ever-increasing demand for quality translation requirements minimize monetary and time costs for translation at every stage of modern translators use the appropriate software (software), simplifying the work and to improve the quality of the final documentation. However, the use of a particular type of software in the translation work is very individual and depends on the level of skills of the translator in the IT sector and the extent of his acquaintance with computer technology. We present in table form the stages of PD, type of software required to perform any particular stage of PD, and examples of the most popular programs for each type of software.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The most important step for a translator is the process of translation, because of how well it is made, the result depends on the entire PD. Very active at this stage of the program are used for machine translation.

The machine translation system includes bilingual dictionaries, with the necessary grammatical (morphological, syntactic and semantic) to ensure the transfer of equivalent, variant and transformational translation equivalents, as well as algorithmic means of grammatical analysis, implementing some of the adopted text for automatic processing of formal grammars .The most common is the following sequence of formal operations, providing analysis and synthesis in machine translation [10, p. 78-79]:

1. At the first stage, the text entry and search for input forms (words in a particular grammatical form, such as dative plural) in the input dictionary (dictionary language from which the translation) with concomitant morphological analysis, in which the set of the word forms belonging to a particular token (dictionary word as a unit). In an analysis of the forms of words can also be obtained by information relating to the other levels of the organization of the language system.

2. The next stage involves the translation of idiomatic phrases, phraseological unities or stamps that domain (for example, English-Russian translation turnovers like in case of, in accordance with the digital equivalent of a single receive and are excluded from further parsing), the definition of basic grammatical (morphological , syntactic, semantic and lexical) characteristics of the elements of the input text (eg, nouns, verb, syntactic features of word forms in the text, etc.), produced as part of the source language, resolution homography (conversion homonymy word forms - for example, English. round can be a noun, adjective, adverb, verb, or excuse), lexical analysis and translation of tokens. Usually at this stage of the unambiguous words are separated from the multi-valued (with more than one translation equivalents in the target language), followed by unambiguous words are translated on the list of equivalents, and for the transfer of ambiguous words, so-called dictionaries, dictionary entries which are algorithms for query context presence / absence of contextual determinants of value.3. Final grammatical analysis, in which defined to be necessary grammatical information based on the data target language (eg, Russian nouns like sleigh, scissors verb should be in the plural form, though the original may be singular).4. The synthesis of the output word forms and sentence as a whole in the target language.

Depending on the characteristics of morphology, syntax and semantics of a particular language, as well as the overall direction of translation ,translation algorithm may include other steps, as well as modifications of these stages, or their order, but this kind of variation in modern systems are usually small. Analysis and synthesis can be made either, and for all the text entered in the computer's memory, in which case the translation algorithm provides a definition of so-called anaphoric links (such, for example, communications with the pronoun them replaceable noun - say it with the word pronouns pronouns the very same explanation in brackets).In such systems, and machine-aided translation as Trados, Promt (www.promt.ru), Retrans Vista (www.retrans.ru), widely used method of Translation Memory, and the translator can save the edited sample translations that machine in the future will automatically substitute .From our point of view, the Translation Memory technology is key to the translation of technical documentation [5.110].

Main - is the preservation of the results of translation and editing in the database, the possibility of "fuzzy" search. The disadvantages are: the presence of a small number of matches with counterparts in the database proportion of manual translation is high, the need to create the original database. So technology Translation Memory - high performance tools for translating repetitive texts, translation of standard documents that are similar in their subject matter and structure, for example, contracts, manuals, articles, descriptions of software products, laws, and any other documents that contain duplicate fragments. Literary translation unreached.

MP. PROMT.

Machine translation systems perform an automated translation. The units of translation in this case consists of a word or phrase, and the latest developments allow for the morphology of the word to be translated. Development of the MP can translate on the set designer and or user-correctable translation algorithm [3, 40].

For the implementation of machine translation, a special computer program, which implements the translation, which is defined as a sequence of unique and well-defined action on the text to find the translation equivalents in a given pair of languages ​​Yaz1-Yaz2 for a given direction of translation (from one specific language to another). The machine translation system includes a "bilingual dictionaries, with the necessary grammatical (morphological, syntactic and semantic) to ensure the transfer of equivalent, variant and transformational translation equivalents, as well as algorithmic means of grammatical analysis, implementing any of the accepted for the automatic processing of texts of formal grammars "[2, 110].

There are also individual machine translation system designed for translation in three or more languages, but they are currently experimental.

To date, the best known are the machine translation system, as• PROMT 2000/XT company PROMT;• Retrans Vista Vista companies and Advantis;

• Socrates - a set of programs of Arsenal.

In sytems PROMT developed almost uniquely complete morphological description for all languages, which are able to handle the system. It contains 800 types of inflection for the Russian language, more than 300 types, like the German and the French language, and even in English, which is not one of the inflectional languages, highlighted. more than 250 types of inflection. Many endings for each language is stored in a tree structure, which not only provides an efficient way to store, but also an efficient algorithm to morphological analysis.

Instead of taking a linguistic approach that dedicate the processes of analysis and synthesis of proposals, based on system architecture was on the concept of the process of translation as a process of "object-oriented" organization, based on the hierarchy of the different components offer. This has led to systems PROMT stable and open. In addition, this approach made it possible to use different formalisms to describe the transfer of different levels. In the systems work and network grammar, similar in type to the extended network transitions, and treatment algorithms of filling and transformation of frame structures for the analysis of complex predicates.

Description of a lexical unit in a dictionary entry, which in fact is not limited in size and may contain many features, closely related to the structure of the system and algorithms is not structured on the basis of the age-old antithesis syntax - semantics, and based on levels of components of the text.

The system can work with incompletely described dictionary entries, which is an important point in the opening dictionaries for the user who can not demand fine handling linguistic material.

The system is released level of lexical items to the group level, the level of simple sentences and the level of complex sentences. All these processes are linked and interact hierarchically in accordance with the hierarchy of text units, exchanging synthesized and inherited traits. This device allows you to use different algorithms, formal methods for the description of algorithms at various levels.

-text in original on English

Under the name "name" can be understood Miscellaneous "name is smoke and mirrors," replies his fist on the famous big question and by contrast, emphasizes: "Feeling is everything." One thing "in name only" to know is, it externally, above superficially familiar;. who a function "in name only" exerts  does so only on the outside, seemingly hand, if we someone ask, "call a spade a spade", we just want the deeper connections, to learn the full truth. The name is also "a piece of the being and the soul" (TH. MAN).

 

 

 

-translation are made by Promt

Под наименованием "Имя" можно понимать различное. „Имя - звук и дым", отвечает Фауст на знаменитый основной вопрос и подчеркнуто в противоположность этому: „Чувство - все." Вещь "только по имени" велит знать, они внешне знают, поверхностно; кто делает функцию "только по имени" это только наружу, по-видимому. Если мы просим, напротив, кого-то „чтобы он называл ребенка при правом имени", тогда мы желаем как раз более глубокие отношения узнавать полную правду. Имя - также „кусок бытия и души" (TH. МУЖЧИНА).

-the translation are made by author

Понятие «Имя» имеет много  интерпретаций. «Имя – пустые слова» -  отвечает Фауст на вопрос Маргариты  и подчеркивает в противоположность  сказанному: «Чувство – все». Знать  что-либо «только по имени», означает знать это только поверхностно; кто  в своих действиях руководствуется  «только именем», тот делает это  напоказ, для вида. А когда мы призываем  кого-то «называть вещи своими именами», мы хотим проникнуть в самую суть, установить истину. Имя также «часть бытия и души» (T. Манн).

However, Retrans Vista versus Promt has the additional advantage that lies in the use of "semantic-syntactic, mostly idiomatic" translation, proposed in 1975 by Academician GG Belonogov. Professional translators can use the interactive translation, when the text is translated on the proposals and provides a few options in foreign language.

Google

ABBYY Lingvo

ABBYY Lingvo - electronic family (since 1989) and printing (from 2007) dictionaries. Created by the Russian company ABBYY. August 13, 2008 The new version of x3 (X three). August 12, 2010 has been released for Mac OS X [1.14].

         The volume of entries is more than 8.7 millionLingvo translated from Esperanto means "language" of which there are articles in dictionaries ABBYY Lingvo.

          Multilingual version covers 15 languages ​​- Russian, Ukrainian, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Turkish, Latin, Chinese, Portuguese, Tatar, Kazakh, Swedish, Polish and Finnish.

          There is also a European version - 130 dictionaries in 7 languages ​​and English-Russian-English electronic dictionary.

           In ABBYY Lingvo no full-text translation, but is likely to word translation of texts from the clipboard. In some dictionaries in English, German and French, most of the words voiced by native speakers - speakers.

            The program includes a training module Lingvo Tutor, learn new words. Apart from the existing 150 professional dictionaries result lexicographical work ABBYY employees and reputable paper and electronic dictionaries has an extensive base of free user dictionaries for the program. Reading pre-tested and are in the public on the website of the Association of lexicographers ABBYY Lingvo x3 Multilingual version - 150 common lexical and specialized dictionaries for translation from Russian into English, Spanish, Italian, Chinese, Latin, German, Portuguese, Turkish, Ukrainian, Spanish and back.

Mobile multilingual dictionary ABBYY Lingvo x3 - dictionary for smartphones and PDAs, comprising 38 modern full dictionaries for 8 languages.

             ABBYY Lingvo x3 English version – 57 common lexical and thematic English-Russian and Russian-English dictionaries. All versions have dictionaries of English (Oxford and Collins) and the Great Dictionary of the Russian language Ephraim TFABBYY Lingvo x5ABBYY Lingvo x5 English Home Edition - 32    common lexical dictionary for English-Russian and Russian-English translation, and completely revised and updated edition of Dictionary New Oxford American Dictionary and the Oxford Dictionary of English, monolingual Russian dictionaries.

              ABBYY Lingvo x5 Professional English version - 74 common lexical smart, grammatical, and specialized dictionaries for English-Russian and Russian-English translation, and completely revised and updated edition of Dictionary New Oxford American Dictionary and the Oxford Dictionary of English, monolingual Russian dictionaries.

              ABBYY Lingvo x5 9 languages ​​Home Edition - 73 common lexical dictionary to translate words and phrases. Version of "9 languages" includes Russian, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Greek and Finnish. The version included monolingual dictionaries obscheleksicheskih and completely revised and updated edition of the dictionary New Oxford American Dictionary and the Oxford Dictionary of English in 2010, the Russian dictionaries.

             ABBYY Lingvo x5 Professional version 9 languages ​​- 162 common lexical, smart, grammatical, and specialized dictionaries for translation of words and phrases. Version 9 languages ​​include Russian, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Greek and Finnish.

             ABBYY Lingvo x5 20 languages ​​Home Edition - over 105 common lexical dictionaries in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Chinese, Turkish, Ukrainian, Latin, Hungarian, Greek, Danish, Kazakh, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Tatar, Finnish languages. The version included common lexical monolingual dictionaries.

            ABBYY Lingvo x5 20 languages ​​Professional version - 220 obscheleksicheskih, smart, grammatical and thematic vocabulary in English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Chinese, Turkish, Ukrainian, Latin, Hungarian, Greek, Danish, Kazakh, Dutch, Norwegian, Polish, Tatar, Finnish. The version included monolingual, common lexical and thematic dictionaries.

-translation are made by Promt

-the translation are made by author

-translation are made by Promt

 

Google Translate is a free statistical multilingual machine-translation service provided by Google Inc. to translate written text from one language into another.

Before October 2007, for languages other than Arabic, Chinese and Russian, Google used a SYSTRAN based translator which is used by other translation services such as Babel Fish, AOL, and Yahoo.

On May 26, 2011, Google announced that the Google Translate API had been deprecated and that it would cease functioning on December 1, 2011, "due to the substantial economic burden caused by extensive abuse. The shutting down of the API, which is used by a number of websites, has led to criticism of Google and developers questioning the viability of using Google APIs in their products.[5][6]

On June 3, 2011, Google announced that they were canceling its plan to terminate the Translate API due to public pressure. In the same announcement, Google said that it will release a paid version of the Translate API.

Features and limitations

 

The service limits the number of paragraphs, or range of technical terms, that will be translated. It is also possible to enter searches in a source language that are first translated to a destination language allowing you to browse and interpret results from the selected destination language in the source language.[8] For some languages, users are asked for alternate translations such as for technical terms, to be included for future updates to the translation process. Text in a foreign language can be typed, and if "Detect language" is selected, it will not only detect the language but will translate it into English by default.

 

The homepage of English Wikipedia translated into Portuguese

 

Google Translate, like other automatic translation tools, has its limitations. While it can help the reader to understand the general content of a foreign language text, it does not always deliver accurate translations. Some languages produce better results than others. Google Translate performs well especially when English is the target language and the source language is one of the languages of the European Union. Results of analyses were reported in 2010, showing that French to English translation is relatively accurate[9] and 2011 and 2012 showing that Italian to English translation is relatively accurate as well.[10][11] However, rule-based machine translations perform better if the text to be translated is shorter; this effect is particularly evident in Chinese to English translations.[9]

 

Texts written in the Greek, Devanagari, Cyrillic and Arabic scripts can be transliterated automatically from phonetic equivalents written in the Latin alphabet.

[edit]

Browser integration

 

A number of Firefox extensions exist for Google services, and likewise for Google Translate, which allow right-click command access to the translation service.[12]

 

An extension for Google's Chrome browser also exists;[13] in February 2010, Google translate was integrated into the standard Google Chrome browser for automatic webpage translation.[14][15]

[edit]

Android version

 

Google Translate is available as a free downloadable application for Android OS users. The first version was launched in January 2010. It works simply like the browser version. Google translation for Android contains two main options: "SMS translation" and "History".

 

An early 2011 version supported Conversation Mode when translating between English and Spanish (in alpha testing). This new interface within Google Translate allows users to communicate fluidly with a nearby person in another language. In October it was expanded to 14 languages.[16]

 

The application supports 53 languages and voice input for 15 languages. It is available for devices running Android 2.1 and above and can be downloaded by searching for “Google Translate”  in Android Market. It was first released in January 2010, with an improved version available on January 12, 2011.[17]

 

Latest version: 2.0.0 build 42

[edit]

iOS version

 

Google Translate iOS icon

 

In August 2008, Google launched a Google Translate HTML5 web application for iOS for iPhone and iPod touch users. The official iOS app for Google Translate was released February 8, 2011. It accepts voice input for 15 languages and allows translation of a word or phrase into one of more than 50 languages. Translations can be spoken out loud in 23 different languages.[18]

[edit]

Language options

 

(by chronological order of introduction)

1st stageEnglish to German

English to Spanish       French to English

German to English

Spanish to English

 

2nd stageEnglish to Portuguese

English to Dutch Portuguese to English

Dutch to English

 

3rd stageEnglish to Italian Italian to English

 

4th stageEnglish to Chinese (Simplified)

English to Japanese

English to Korean       Chinese (Simplified) to English

Japanese to English

Korean to English

5th stage (launched April 2006)[19]English to Arabic Arabic to English

6th stage (launched December 2006)English to Russian Russian to English

7th stage (launched February 2007)English to Chinese (Traditional)

Chinese (Simplified to Traditional)       Chinese (Traditional) to English

Chinese (Traditional to Simplified)

8th stage (launched October 2007)

all 25 language pairs use Google's machine translation system

9th stageEnglish to Hindi Hindi to English

10th stage (as of this stage, translation can be done between any two languages, going through English, if needed[clarification needed]) (launched May 2008)Bulgarian

Croatian

Czech

Danish       Finnish

Greek

Norwegian

Polish       Romanian

Swedish

11th stage (launched September 25, 2008)Catalan

Filipino

Hebrew       Indonesian

Latvian

Lithuanian       Serbian

Slovak

Slovene       Ukrainian

Vietnamese

12th stage (launched January 30, 2009)Albanian

Estonian

Galician         Hungarian

Maltese

Thai         Turkish

13th stage (launched June 19, 2009)Persian

14th stage (launched August 24, 2009)Afrikaans

Belarusian

Icelandic         Irish

Macedonian

Malay         Swahili

Welsh

Yiddish         

 

15th stage (launched November 19, 2009)

The Beta stage is finished. Users can now choose to have the romanization written for Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Greek, Hindi and Thai. For translations from Arabic, Persian and Hindi, the user can enter a Latin transliteration of the text and the text will be translated to the native script for these languages as the user is writing. The text can now be read by a text-to-speech program in English, Italian, French and German

16th stage (launched January 30, 2010)

Haitian Creole

17th stage (launched April 2010)

Speech program launched in Hindi and Spanish

18th stage (launched May 5, 2010)

Speech program launched in Afrikaans, Albanian, Catalan, Chinese (Mandarin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Greek, Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Latvian, Macedonian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovak, Swahili, Swedish, Turkish, Vietnamese and Welsh (based in eSpeak).[20]

19th stage (launched May 13, 2010)[21]Armenian

Azerbaijani         Basque

Georgian         Urdu

20th stage (launched June 2010)Provides romanization for Arabic.

21st stage (launched September 2010)Allows phonetic typing for Arabic, Greek, Hindi, Persian, Russian, Serbian and Urdu.

Latin[22]

22nd stage (launched December 2010)

Romanization of Arabic removed.

Spell check added.

Google replaced some languages' text-to-speech synthesizers from eSpeak's robot voice to native speaker's nature voice technologies made by SVOX[23] (Chinese, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Greek, Hungarian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Swedish, Turkish). Also the old versions of French, German, Italian and Spanish. Latin uses the same synthesizer as Italian.

Speech program launched in Arabic, Japanese, and Korean.

23rd stage (Launched January 2011)

Choice of different translations for a word.

24th stage (Launched June 2011)

5 new Indian languages (in alpha) and a transliterated input method:[24]

Bengali

Gujarati

Kannada

Tamil

Telugu

25th stage (Launched July 2011)

Translation rating introduced.

26th stage (Launched January 2012)

Dutch male voice synthesizer replaced with female.

Elena by SVOX replaced the Slovak eSpeak voice.

Transliteration of Yiddish added.

27th stage (Launched February 2012)

Speech program launched in Thai.

Esperanto added.

28th stage (Launched September 2012)

Lao added.

29th stage (Launched October 2012)

Transliteration of Lao added.

(alpha status).[25][26]

30th stage (Launched October 2012)