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The aim: to analyse the opinions, poins of view of phoneticians to accentual structure.
Tasks: 1) To give the definitions of word stress
2) To sigle out the nature of word stress and prominence
3) To study the degrees of word accent
Introduction……………………………………………………………………...3
Chapter I. English stress as a phenomenon. Types of syllables........................4
1.1 The nature of word stress and prominence........................................6
1.2 The placement of word stress............................................................8
Chapter II. The questions of typology of accentual structure...........................11
2.1 Degrees of stress and rhythmical tendency.......................................14
2.2 Functional aspects of word stress.....................................................16
2.3 Practical analysis showing the types of stress..................................19
Conclusion.......................................................................................................24
List of literature................................................................................................25
‘disco,theque
6. [,__'__]. The accentual type marks a great number
of simple words and some compound words as well.,inter’national ,capa’
,cate’gorical ,cali’tion
,compe’tition ,combi’nation
,compre’hensible ,con;solation
,con’servation ,dedi’cation
,de’gradation ,de’rail
,des’tination ,dis’connect
,ex’pedition ,hallo’ween
,hebri’dean ,lemo’nade
,brand’new ,fortifi’cation
,ille’gitimate ,imma’ture
,impu’tation ,incan’descent
,innad’vertent ,inco’rrect
,incrus’tation ,incon’
,inde’pendence ,indes’cribable
,ine’ffective ,ine’fficient
,ine’quality ,inex’pedient
,inex’pensive ,info’rmation
,inter’mission ,lia’bility
,loco’motive ,minu’et
,obli’gation ,unac’ceptable
,appa’ratus ,una’ccustomed
,unap’proachable ,una’ware
,un’bossom ,un’checked
7. [‘__,__’__]. The type includes rather a small
number of simple words with the separable prefixes, e.g.‘mis,repre’sent ‘dis,
‘dis,colo’ration ‘dis,qualifi’
‘mis,remem’ber ‘mis,under’
8. [,__,__’__]. The type is found in a very small
number of words, usually simple words with the stresses on the prefix,
thr root and the suffix, e.g.,indi,viduali’zation ,
,insu,bordi’nation ,inter,
,inter,govern’mental ,inter,
,anti,globali’zation ,anti,
,malad,mini’stration
9. [‘__’__,__]. The type is meet in rare instances
of compound words with separable prefixes, e.g.‘un’sea,worthy ‘un’speci,
‘un’statesman,like ‘un’rekog,
‘un’trust,worthy
10. [‘__,__,__]. The type is represented by rare instances of simple and compound words, e.g.‘soda-,water,bottle
11. [,__’__,__]. The type is found in rare instances
of compound words consisting of the three components, e.g.,ginger’beer,bottle ,anti’
,anti-‘semi,tism
Conclusion:
In this course paper we have treated some problems of accentual structure, such as the quantitative and qualitative components of word stress, vowels and consonants.
From chapter I we have known that vowel of the stressed syllable is perceived as never reduced or obscure and longer than the same vowel in the unstressed syllables.
In the point 1.1. we have said about European languages such as English, German, French, Russian, and that they are believed to possess predominantly dynamic word stress. In Scandinavian languages the word stress is considered to be both dynamic and musical.
In the point 1.2. we have paid attention to the instability of English accentual structure of words and that the English presents much difficulty for Russian learners, because of his multisyllabic words the accentual structure of which is regulated by the rhythmical tendency.
In chapter II We have pointed out that in a speech chain the phonetic structure of a word obtains additional characteristics connected with rhythm, melody, and tempo. Though the sentence stress falls on the syllable marked by the word stress it is not realized in the stressed syllable of an isolated word but in a word within speech continuum.
In the point 2.1. we singled out that the opinions of phoneticians differ as how many degrees of stress are linguistically relevant in a word.
So, we think that we have achieved the aim of the course paper and fulfilled all the tasks which were put in this work.
List of literature:
1. Crystal D. – The English of voice – Ldn, 1975
2. Jones D. The phoneme. Its nature and use – Cambridge, 1967
3. O’Connor J.D. Phonetics – penguin, 1977
4. Vassilyev V.A. English Phonetics: A theoretical course – M., 1970
5. Palmer H.E. English intonations with systematic exercises – Cambridge, 1924
6. Vassilyev V.A., Burenkova O.V., - М., 1992
7. Katanskaya A.R., Lukina N.D., Maslova L.P., Torsueva E.I. – English phonetics (a normative course) – Leningrad, 1962
8. Abercrombie D. The department of phonetics – Edinburgh University, May, 1958
9. Jones D. an outline of English phonetics, 9th ed, Cambridge, 1960
10. Oxford Russian dictionary – Oxford Russian press, 2000
11. Англо-русский и русско-
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