Effectiveness of Reading Strategies for EFL students of Pre-Intermediate Level

         (45+40+40+30+30+25+25+25+25+20)/10= 30, 5

         Mode is the numerical value that occurs most frequently in a set of numerical values. From the Table №3 it is obvious that mode is 25.

         Median is the value at the center of the range of the set. In order to find median the researcher found the middle score 30 and that is median.

Mean	30, 5
Mode	25
Median	30

          The next step for a statistical study is dispersion. Dispersion focuses on the behavior or performance of the individuals in the groups. There are two indicators of individual behavior: range and standard deviation.

         Range is the number of points between the Highest and lowest score in the set, plus one. To make this calculation the researcher used the following formula:

         x= (highest score – lowest score + 1)

         (45-20+1)= 26

         Standard deviation is the average of the differences of all scores from the mean. The following formula is used to calculate the standard deviation for a set of scores:

         SD =

         To calculate SD, it is necessary to subtract the mean from each score in the set, then squire each of these values and add them up. Divide the total by the number of scores, and then, square root of that total to get the standard deviation.

         Table №4

Name	Score	Mean	Difference	Difference Squared
Muazzam	45	- 30, 5	14,5	210.25
Nilufar	40	- 30, 5	9,5	90.25
Suhrob	40	- 30, 5	9,5	90.25
Nasiba	30	- 30, 5	-0,5	0.25
Hilola	30	- 30, 5	-0,5	0.25
Odina	25	- 30, 5	-5,5	30.25
Zarnigor	25	- 30, 5	-5,5	30.25
Lobar	25	- 30, 5	-5,5	30.25
Gulbahor	25	- 30, 5	-5,5	30.25
Nargiza	20	- 30, 5	-10,5	110.25

         SD= =

          = 7.9

         As it is seen above the standard deviation for diagnostic test 1 is 7.9.

         The same calculation the researcher made with the scores of the following 4 diagnostic tests.

         The diagnostic test 2 was on Think-Aloud strategy. There were two tasks: Matching and short answer questions. The total score was 60 points. The results you can see in the table №5.

         Table №5, Results of Diagnostic Test 2, Think-Aloud strategy 

Name	Score
Muazzam	30
Nilufar	40
Suhrob	40
Nasiba	45
Hilola	35
Odina	30
Zarnigor	30
Lobar	30
Gulbahor	25
Nargiza	50

          The results of the test were not so bad, they were even good enough. The next Table presents the frequency distribution. 
 

         Table №6 Frequency Distribution for Diagnostic test 2 

Score Value	Frequency
50	1
45	1
40	2
35	1
30	4
25	1

 

                The most frequent score is:

         “30”-4

         Mean:

         (50+45+40+40+35+30+30+30+30+25)/10= 35.5

         Mode is 30.

         Median:

         (35+30)/2= 32.5

Mean	35.5
Mode	30
Median	32.5

 

         According to the formula range is:

         x= (highest score- lowest score+1)

         50-25+1=26

         Standard deviation is calculated by the same formula:

         SD=  

         Table №7 Standard deviation for Diagnostic test 2

Name	Score	Mean	Difference	Difference Squared
Muazzam	30	-35.5	-5.5	30.25
Nilufar	40	-35.5	4.5	20.25
Suhrob	40	-35.5	4.5	20.25
Nasiba	45	-35.5	9.5	90.25
Hilola	35	-35.5	-0.5	0.25
Odina	30	-35.5	-5.5	30.25
Zarnigor	30	-35.5	-5.5	30.25
Lobar	30	-35.5	-5.5	30.25
Gulbahor	25	-35.5	-10.5	110.25
Nargiza	50	-35.5	14.5	210.25

         SD= = = 7.5

         So, Standard deviation is 7.5.

         The third test was on Questioning Practice strategy, it was the most successful one. The table №8 shows the results of the Diagnostic test 3.

         Table №8, The Results of The Diagnostic test 3 

Name	Score
Muazzam	55
Nilufar	60
Suhrob	50
Nasiba	60
Hilola	55
Odina	45
Zarnigor	40
Lobar	45
Gulbahor	55
Nargiza	40

 

         Table №9 Frequency Distribution for Diagnostic test 3

Score Value	Frequency
60	2
55	3
50	1
45	2
40	2

 

                The most frequent score is:

         “55”- 3

         The mean of the diagnostic test 3 is:

         (55+60+50+60+55+45+40+45+55+40)/10= 50.5

         Mode is 55

         Median is (55+50)/2=52.5

Mean	50.5
Mode	55
Median	52.5

 

         The Range is: x= (highest score-lowest score+1)

         60-40+1=21 
 
 

         Table №10

Name	Score	Mean	Difference	Difference Squared
Muazzam	55	-50.5	4.5	20.25
Nilufar	60	-50.5	9.5	90.25
Suhrob	50	-50.5	-0.5	0.25
Nasiba	60	-50.5	9.5	90.25
Hilola	55	-50.5	4.5	20.25
Odina	45	-50.5	-5.5	30.25
Zarnigor	40	-50.5	-10.5	110.25
Lobar	45	-50.5	-5.5	30.25
Gulbahor	55	-50.5	4.5	20.25
Nargiza	40	-50.5	-10.5	110.25

         SD =

         SD = = =7.2

         The fourth strategy was Retelling Practices. The learners had to write an essay and the results were rather good. They are presented in the Table №11.

         Table №11, The Results of The Diagnostic test 4

Name	Score
Muazzam	55
Nilufar	45
Suhrob	50
Nasiba	60
Hilola	50
Odina	45
Zarnigor	40
Lobar	45
Gulbahor	55
Nargiza	40

 

         Table №12, Frequency Distribution for Diagnostic test 4

Score Value	Frequency
60	1
55	2
50	2
45	3
40	2

 

The most frequent score is:

         “45”- 3

         The mean of the diagnostic test 4 is:

         (55+45+50+60+50+45+40+45+55+40)/10= 48.5

         Mode is 45

         Median is (50+45)/2=47.5

Mean	48.5
Mode	45
Median	47.5

 

         The Range is: x= (highest score-lowest score+1)

         60-40+1=21 
 
 

         Table №13

Name	Score	Mean	Difference	Difference Squared
Muazzam	55	-48.5	6.5	42.25
Nilufar	45	-48.5	-3.5	12.25
Suhrob	50	-48.5	1.5	2.25
Nasiba	60	-48.5	11.5	132.25
Hilola	50	-48.5	1.5	2.25
Odina	45	-48.5	-3.5	12.25
Zarnigor	40	-48.5	-8.5	72.25
Lobar	45	-48.5	-3.5	12.25
Gulbahor	55	-48.5	6.5	42.25
Nargiza	40	-48.5	-8.5	72.25