Тур оперейтинг

One of the most well-known world of international tourism organizations sectored nature - the International Air Transport Association (I AT A) - was founded in 1945 as the successor to the International Association of air traffic. IATA members today are over 270 airlines in 140 countries (areas) of the world. They accounted for 94% of all international scheduled air traffic.

IATA coordinates the activities of the world's airlines for safety, reliability and efficiency of air transport in all regions of the globe. Until 1978 the IATA, in essence, has acted as a cartel, i.e., had the form of economic union, whose members make an agreement on the regulation of production volumes, conditions of sales, hire labor. Cartel participants retain commercial and industrial independence. International cartel - agreement (union) companies from different countries sharing of markets, sources of raw materials, the establishment of the agreed price (the cartel price), use of patents, etc., often within the same industry.  
 
IATA worked mainly commercial issues of the airlines. The most important of these were the appointment of fixed rates for air transportation, the establishment of rules for their use, regulates the use of incentives and discounts to the tariffs. Annually in the IATA conference was held on the carriage to which decisions about the amount of tariffs, I refined the timetable and conditions for air transport cooperation.  
 
With the proliferation of free-market ideas and a policy of deregulation air first in the U.S. and then elsewhere in the world by IATA I was forced to abandon price agreement and rebuild work on new principles. Currently, the association performs the following tasks: ordering of international air services, the definition of common international rules of air travel, the development of technical measures of safety and reliability of flights, the introduction of uniform high quality standards of passenger service, international harmonization of tariffs for passenger and cargo air transportation, distribution, technical and economic experience in matters of operating airlines, the most effective ways of cooperation of all stakeholders - airlines, government agencies, third parties (travel agencies, agents, chartering), as well as passengers, the development of cooperation with international organizations, notably the International Civil Aviation Organization, etc.  
 
Regional and international tourism organizations represent a general union, mainly the national tourism administrations in the regions of the world. They contribute to the expansion and strengthening of regional cooperation in tourism, tourism promotion in the region as whole and individual countries. These include the European Tourism Commission (ETC), the Confederation of Tourist Organizations of Latin America (cat), the Arab Tourism Organization (ATO), the African Travel Association (ATA), etc.  
 
PATA

The most representative regional organization of the total international tourist profile is Tourist Association of Asia and the Pacific (PATA). Helping you get a loan secured by an apartment on extremely favorable terms. It was established in 1952 on the principles of public-private partnership. In 2006, the Association includes about 100 ministries, agencies, tourist offices at various levels, and 55 airlines and cruise companies, approximately 200 hotel chains and independent hotels and other lodging company, hundreds of tour operators, travel agencies, entertainment facilities, consulting firms, educational institutions, etc. Thousands of professionals from the tourism industry - association members - form a network of regional cells In order to enhance coordination linkages within and between PATA has four departments: Asia, Pacific, North America and Europe. PATA headquarters was recently moved from North America to Asia and is currently in Bangkok (Thailand).  
 
The mission of PATA is defined as "three-Pee" - positioning, promotion and protection (Position, Promote and Protect) Tourism in the Asia-Pacific region. Work is conducted in several areas: definition of a common regional policy in the field of tourism, sustainable tourism development in the region through the conservation of nature and cultural environment, the study of the tourist market and implement complex marketing measures, and improved training for the tourism industry in the region, coordinating the efforts of all organizations, institutions and companies interested in raising the tourism in the Asia-Pacific region.  
 
PATA activities have never been more cohesive and less effective as at the beginning of the XXI century. Members of the Association is closely united to the threat of recession tourist activity, reduction of domestic and international tourist flows and collapse of tourism business in the region in connection with the attack on Fr. Bali, the spread of SARS, then bird flu, the devastating tsunami. The structure of PATA was established crisis centers.  
 
In an emergency situation caused by the blows of natural disaster - an earthquake and devastating tsunami, PATA has acted swiftly and decisively implements a set of anti-crisis measures. The accident occurred on Dec. 26, 2004 after several hours after the tragedy on the website PATA a special section on the status of the eight affected districts, which became an important source of information. If, before the tsunami on the PATA website to register up to 38 thousand hits a day, after him, by 29 December this number had increased by 3,5 times and amounted to 135 thousand in the first 24 hours PATA connected to the countries (territories), were in disaster zone. She sent condolences to the people of these states, and also requested to assess the damage and expressed readiness to render necessary assistance.  
 
In the first phase, efforts were concentrated on the PATA in time to provide business partners, customers and especially the media accurate data, reflecting the real situation in the affected areas and the situation in the region as a whole. It was organized by the electronic bulletin containing detailed maps and detailed information about the situation in the affected element cities, resorts, down to specific infrastructure (hotels, air and sea ports). Simultaneously recorded at the fact that many resorts are located outside the disaster area and continued to work as usual. Information is updated daily, gives a presentation on developments in the region. Thanks to the measures taken PATA it is able to establish effective interaction with the media.   

Package holiday

Package holiday or package tour consists of transport and accommodation advertised and sold with vendor known as a tour operator. Other services may be provided as car rental, tours or activities during the holiday. Transport can be via charter airline to another country. Package holidays form the product set.  
Package holidays are organized by the tour operator and travel agency for sale to the consumer. Some travel agents are employees of tour operators, others are independent.  
 
An early form of the package holiday was organized by Thomas Cook in 1841, offering customers the return journey between Leicester and Southborough. The first package tour of Europe was organized by Cook in 1855, and in 1872 he holds the world tour, albeit with small groups.  
Vladimir Ritz, co-founder of Horizon Holiday Group, designed for the first time the first mass package holidays abroad with charter flights between Gatwick airport and Corsica in 1950, and organized the first package holiday to Palma in 1952, Lourdes in 1953, and Costa Brava and Sardinia in 1954 year. In addition, amendments to the Montreal Convention on International Civil Aviation, 14 June 1954 was very liberal to Spain, allowing impetus for mass tourism using the Charter of aircraft.  
By the end of the 1950's and 1960's, these cheap package holidays - which combined flight, transfers and accommodation - provided the first chance for most people in the UK, available to travel abroad. One of the first airlines, charter Eurasia, which commenced flights from Manchester Airport in 1961 and Lurton Airport in 1962. Despite the discovery of mass tourism on Crete and the Algarve in 1970, the package travel industry declined during the 1970's. August 15, 1974, the industry was shocked when the second-largest tour operator, the court lines, which operate under the brand names "Horizon and Clarkson, collapsed. Nearly 50,000 tourists stranded abroad and further 100,000 faced the loss of booking deposits.  
In 2005, an increasing number of consumers were to avoid package holidays and instead travel with budget airlines and book your stay. In Britain, the decline in the market leaves led to the consolidation of market operator’s tour, which is currently dominated by several large tour operators. Under these umbrella brands there are a number of different holiday operators catering to various markets, such as Club 18-30 or just a trip. Budget airlines have also created their own holiday package units such as Jet2 Holidays.  
The trend towards booking a package holiday saw a return in 2009, as customers seek more financial security as a result of the number of holiday companies and flight search, as well as the hidden costs of 'no frills' flights has increased. In conjunction with the search for late booking holiday’s holiday left until the last moment, this has led to an increase in customers booking package holidays.

Designing the tour involves the following steps: 
- Establishment of standardized performance of the tour; 
- Establishment of process technology serving tourists; 
- Development of technological documentation; 
- Definition of quality control methods; 
- Analysis of the project. 
 
The project must include specific security requirements of the tour, to minimize the risks to tourists and their property, staff and the environment. 
Documentation specifying the requirements for the process of tourist service shall include: 
- A description of the processes, forms and methods of serving tourists; 
- The value characteristics of the tourist service; 
- The number of staff and level of training; 
- Contract providing tours. 
 
For technical documentation on the tour include the technological map of tourist routes and guidelines for its completion, schedule downloads tourist enterprise, a fact sheet to the tourist voucher, etc. 
The documentation of quality control should be we established forms, methods and organization of the monitoring process of tourist service to ensure its conformity with the designed specifications. 
 
Analysis of the project - the final stage of design, the aim of which is to confirm the following information:  
- The characteristics of the projected tour provide security of life and health of tourists and the environment;  
- Requirements for the process of tourist service meet projected performance of services;  
- Quality control methods provide an objective assessment of the characteristics of the service process. 
 
Analysis of the project aims to identify and timely elimination of inconsistencies in the draft. The result of the analysis is to clarify the content of technical documentation tourist enterprise. 
Now a tourist enterprise is ready to move to the next stage - the formation of the tour.

Quantitative research provides an opportunity to answer the question "How many ..?".No matter what the language was not used in the survey, the results always indicate the amount. For example, number of those who remember the television advertisement of a drug, number of those who took for his vacation services of tour agencies, and those who dare to use the services of the same tour agency a second time and so on.  
    
   But as for the question "why", it quantitative study of response usually does not. Having received the digital results of a study of consumer behavior, we can only speculate as to why the majority of housewives prefer this particular brand of margarine, we do not any of the many others. What can affect advertising, price, and packaging design?  
    
   To find answers to the questions "why" are used qualitative research methods. Their purpose is fixed in the very title - "quality", i.e. they are aimed at identifying qualitative rather than quantitative characteristics of human behavior.  
   In market research is most often used the two most common qualitative method - group discussions (focus groups) and in-depth interviews. They are used, usually in the following circumstances:  
   a) to find out the reasons that underlie the behavior of consumers and which are inaccessible to the methods of direct questioning. This, above all, the motives of the consumer may not be aware of them, they can be difficult to express, or they simply do not want to talk about.  
   b) To obtain a detailed picture of consumer perception of new goods, services, packaging or advertising.  
   c) To carry out the initial (preliminary) study of the market, some product or concept, before conducting large quantitative study. This preliminary study suggests the subsequent quantitative study of the most effective - through optimizing the structure of the survey, selection of issues and alternatives to the responses that are most adequate to the objectives of the study.  
   d) To study a new market or a little-studied area of ​​the market.  
   e) To get a clearer picture of those aspects of the market, for which quantitative research has not produced clear results.  
 
   Qualitative research can obtain a very wide range of information about the market and on a particular product. They are effective in those cases where you need to get this kind of information:  
    - Knowledge and use of stamps of any product, attitude toward them;  
    - Actual and potential product positioning in the market;  
    - Evaluation of concepts and packages:  
    - Assessment / testing before advertising;  
    - Before the testing of information materials;  
    - How to change the brand image, its positioning strategy for its advertising.  
 
  In-depth interviews. 

This method of research in many respects is similar to the method of focus groups. The same guide asks questions. Only in this case, the discussion of issues that interest researchers is not in a group and individually. It allows getting to the last detail, to determine all aspects of behavior and reactions of respondents, which may be important in solving the problems of marketing research. 

There are many types of costs, and often they are behaving differently. Management and production units need to be very different cost information, grouped in different ways. System of operational management accounting, using the expenditure indicators, allows achieving the traditional objectives of cost accounting and the definition of income, while simultaneously satisfying various needs of individual managers of the organization. Achieve this through the organization of cost accounting in accordance with a system of classifying them. Cost data are cross-classification to meet virtually all needs related to management decisions and management of financial and business enterprises. Using a system of classification of costs allows you to analyze and forecast sales figures and net income by Tourism Organization as a whole and for individual types of tourism products by customers and vendors, through implementation, and other categories. Such a partition of the data used in the management of cost, profit planning and evaluation of performance and cost control. All this information is objectively necessary for managers to management accounting. In order to better understand the behavior of costs, we make a classification on a few basic characteristics.  
1.1. Explicit and implicit costs in determining the costs of production, shaping services have two important provisions:  
1) any resource is limited;  
2) Each kind of resource has at least two alternative ways of application.  
Limited resources and the inevitability of the need to create an alternative choice to take into account both explicit and implicit costs of the firm. To clear (or accounting) costs include the costs, which include the accounts of accounting, i.e., when the company spends money (from the accounts of 50, 51, 52, 55) for payment in the amount of resources required to maintain this resource at their disposal. By the implicit costs include costs that are internal and not related to cash payments from the accounts of the firm, and therefore not included in the accounting records. These include the opportunity costs associated with the use of own funds of the firm. Examples are the costs of placing money in stocks. Implicit costs are the difference between the amount of dividends and the maximum possible revenue for lending the money at interest. In planning its activities, an enterprise should consider alternative ways of using existing resources. For example, increasing the deadline for receipt of receivables, should consider not only what will increase sales taxes, or may change the exchange rate is not in favor of the company, but what if it benefits the company will miss while waiting for funds compared with an alternative to using them in the event of timely income (for example, investing in securities on deposit at this time and so forth). In terms of opportunities lost profits should observe the following principles of tax planning, paying taxes to the last day fixed for that period. If the company pays taxes does not advance as soon as the tax amount is calculated, and the last day, it is tantamount to obtaining an interest-free loan from the budget for those days. Keeping cash also brings implicit costs equal to "lost" interest because of disuse of the money as loans; lending money at interest gives the costs equal benefits, which the owner lost money without spending money on formation of tourism products. By the implicit costs of the firm and include the lost revenue because of ineffective use of patents, service marks, location, know-how as well as other benefits. Explicit and implicit costs constitute the economic costs of the firm.  
1.2. Direct and indirect costs accounting or explicit costs of the method included in the cost of services are divided into direct and indirect. Direct costs at the time of their occurrence can be directly attributed to the object based on the calculation of basic documents (invoices, orders). These costs include costs associated with formulating and implementing various types of work and services. Direct costs generally include wages of production workers, the cost of raw materials, payment of electricity and heat, and others. Direct costs directly attributed to the 20 "primary production". Indirect costs associated with the formation and implementation of several different types of tourism product, which at the time of their occurrence cannot be attributed directly to the object of costing. Indirect costs calculated are distributed among the categories of tourist product, in this case for an economic base for the distribution of take a separate form of direct costs such as wages of production workers, or the total amount of direct costs, or the amount of proceeds from the sale of services. If a tourist company carries out various activities: shapes and implements its own tours and implements foreign tours, the indirect costs are allocated in proportion to revenue received from the tour operator and travel agent (intermediary) activity in the total amount of revenue. Indirect costs typically include general-and general running costs, which are collected on the same accounts on 25 and 26 and after the relevant distribution are attributed to the cost of certain types of services provided through the expense of 20 "primary production". By running costs include costs for maintenance of primary and secondary industries: wages with charges of workers performing general production function, repair and maintenance of vehicles, rent for the premises for production purposes, depreciation and maintenance of production facilities, industrial property insurance and other similar expenses. An example of general business expenses are also administrative and economic costs not associated with the production process: wages with charges managerial staff; rent for the premises management and general business purposes, depreciation, repairs and maintenance of fixed assets management and general business purposes, payment information, auditing and consulting services, the costs of training and retraining, and other similar expenses. The division of costs into direct and indirect depends on sectored characteristics of the organization of production and the method adopted calculation of the cost of production. If a tourist company has one type of service, all expenses of this firm will be straight with respect to services rendered. Note that the larger the proportion of direct costs in the cost, the better it is calculated.  
1.3. Manufacturing and commercial costs to participate in the production process all types of costs are divided into industrial and commercial. Production costs associated with the main activity of firms, for example, the tour operator is the cost to create a tourist product. At the end of the period they are going to run 20 "Primary production." Commercial (Non-manufacturing) costs associated with implementation of the tourist product and include advertising expenses, the funds paid by the sales and intermediary organizations, fees and other similar expenses. All of them are accounted for separately on account 43 "Commercial costs". Manufacturing and commercial costs constitute a complete product cost.  
1.4. Prime costs and overhead costs on the economic role of tourism agencies share the costs of basic and overhead. The main costs - are the direct costs that are directly related to the process of providing services, i.e., the costs of accommodation, for food, tour and transport service. The main costs are directly and include the cost of tourism products. Overhead Costs - care costs that are necessary for the formation, promotion and implementation of tourism products, but they cannot be directly attributed to a specific kind of product for the following reasons:  
- Either it is virtually impossible, i.e., costs not directly attributable to a separate type of tourism products (e.g., expenditure on social welfare of the employees);  
- Either because of the desirability or otherwise of, i.e., the assignment of costs for a separate type of tourism products is not justified economically. Economically more justified to include the costs to the total charge on all types of tourism products, with further breakdown by types with overhead rates. Overhead rate is expressed as costs per unit of labor input, such as a percentage of the cost of labor. In fact, overhead rate is the standard cost for distributing the overhead cost of tourism products. To the invoice and include those costs that are formed in connection with the organization, maintenance, travel agency and its management. They consist of general production and general business expenses.  
1.5. Singletons and complete cost Composition (homogeneity) costs are divided into single-element and integrated. Singletons are called costs, consisting of one element: wages, depreciation, and others. Complex called the expenses, which consist of several elements. These include shop and works general expenses, which include salary relevant personnel, amortization of buildings and other single-element expenses.  
1.6. Fixed and variable costs The most important and used for planning and control is the classification of costs by type of "behavior" of costs depending on changes in production or on the level of business activity of the company. Increase or decrease in output causes a corresponding increase or decrease in certain costs. However, other costs remain unchanged.  
Variables are called costs, which vary with changes in activities. These costs may depend on the duration of labor, type and class of service, the cost of food, as well as the cost of hotel services, the number of tourists, etc. Costs relate to the variables if their value depends on the volume of services provided. Variable costs in its absolute size, depending on the volume of services provided may or may increase (with increasing duration of the tour are increasing spending on food tourists) and decrease (with increasing duration of the tour costs for hotel service are reduced. One of the interesting aspects of the behavior of variable costs is that these costs are constant per unit of production services. Although there is a subtlety associated with the system of discounts on the price of services for group tourism, but the behavior of variable costs per unit of production will not change - increase or decrease only by their level of per unit of production services.

Data on variable costs used to establish transfer prices. Transfer price - the price of the products or services provided by one unit (segment), a large decentralized organization to another branch of the same organization. These prices are often viewed as a substitute for market prices in the internal operations of companies, including at least one profit center or a center of investment. Variable costs include those expenses that are directly charged to the 20 "main proceeding" or debited at the end of the reporting period by 20 to account 25 "Production costs, which they have accumulated during the month. Fixed costs - it costs relatively stable (modified slightly) with fluctuations in production volumes, services (e.g., depreciation, rents, etc.). Fixed costs per unit of service vary inversely with changes in the volume of services provided. These costs in accounting include general business expenses, for a month accumulating on the same account. Depending on the method of cost accounting, they can be written off at the end of the month at the expense of 20 "primary production", which is formed by the cost of tourism products, or passing through 20, once written off for the implementation of services. In the latter case, the magnitude of permanent (general business) expenses in full reduced gross proceeds from the sale of services. An important aspect of the analysis of fixed costs is their division into useful and useless (blank), which is associated with an abrupt change in the most productive resources. Thus, fixed costs can be represented as the sum of costs - useful and useless, are not used in the production process: When dividing the costs into fixed and variable to account for the fact that the cost of the same species may behave differently. There are many costs that in certain situations to take action are variable, and in the other - may be permanent. Meaningless to divide costs into fixed and variable by their nature in an abstract form, for truth is always concrete. On the behavior of costs (variable or constant), the following factors:  
1. The time factor, i.e., the duration of the period under review, so, in the long run, all costs are variable;  
2. Work situations in which decisions are made. For example, the company pays interest on borrowed capital, such interest would normally referred to as fixed costs, since their value does not depend on the volume of services. These percentages are variable when changing production situations for decision making (e.g. in case of closure of enterprises);  
3. Lack of divisibility of factors of production. The consequence of this factor is the fact that many costs are increasing with the increase in services does not gradually but abruptly, in steps. These costs are constant for a certain number of indicators of output, and then they are rising sharply and then remain constant for a certain interval. Examples of such spasmodic are the costs of the administrative staff, as well as the cost of maintaining and operating the equipment.  
1.7. Average costs a firm wishing to maximize profits is to reduce unit costs in connection with interest rate average costs. Average costs - is the value of total cost per unit of tourist products. Obviously, the average total cost equals the sum of average fixed and average variable costs.  
1.8. Marginal costs. Marginal cost - a cost growth of the firm when the volume of sales of services by one additional unit of tourist products. 
Marginal costs show how much it will cost the company increased production per unit of tourist products. Because fixed costs do not change and do not depend on the volume of services, changes in total cost is determined by changing only the variable costs.  Under the law of diminishing returns of resources, increase the variable factor in the continuing value of the constant factors will inevitably lead to a situation where each successive unit of variable factor will have on the volume of tourist products less influence than his previous one. Average variable will decrease as long as the marginal cost less than the average variable costs. When the marginal costs exceed the average value of variables, average variable will increase.  Average total costs are reduced, while the marginal cost less than the average total cost, but they will begin to rise as soon as the value of the marginal costs exceed gross

1.9. Production and recurrent costs  
Follows the classification of costs associated with production. This classification divides the costs of production (in the West they are called "product costs") and periodic ("input period"). This is a relatively new type of classification in domestic practice, applied by individual companies in 1992 in this classification are not pure, but there are powerful pragmatic, some confusion is justified by the convenience features of its practical application, particularly in organizing the accounting system "direct costing". With it you can make an interesting point that if there is no production, no production costs; it still remains the cost of the period. If cancellation of production costs to reduce the sales proceeds will be determined by the fact of sales, selling services, then the fact of implementation of the recurrent costs has little effect. Thus, the recurrent costs almost unrelated to their economic substance to the formation and promotion of tourist product, they can be regarded as a periodic loss of each reporting period. Costs that cannot be identified with the type of products, services, called periodic because they can relate only to the period during which they were incurred. Production costs associated with the implementation of the actual production activities. They take place during the formation and promotion of tourist products, but for the most part absent Minimize tourist activity. Recurrent costs are a function of the duration of the reporting period. Thus, the depreciation of premises or rent for using the premises for three months, ceteris paribus will be three times more than a month. Recurrent costs occur over a period of time as a result of any specific strategic decisions made by the organization. They are not connected with production or sales. The level of such expenses is established by the decision of administration. In the same decision, they can be enlarged, reduced or eliminated. Typical examples of discretionary expenses are the costs of research and development, the cost of advertising funds and the costs of training programs for staff.

Key factors have been established, which influences the success tours package is its price. Maximum possible flexibility in costs have special tour operator having only one in his unique tour package. They are determined from analysis of its price, basically use costs on services and one another in the Pricelist plus the inclusion of determination percent of profit. This is a necessary tool and survival in the market.  
 
Methods of distribution:

-direct sell (too operator-client)

-not direct sell:

1. through travel agencies

2. Through Internet (GRS, own website)

-marketing:

1. Brochures

2. Internet

3. DVD

4. Television

5. Provided in textbooks in tourism industry

6. Direct mail (for regular clients)

Brochure (Fr. Brochure, from brochure - stapled) is a small book, usually without the hardcover, cover. There are also tutorials and brochures.  
Booklet - a non-periodic publication of a text book of over 4, but not more than 48 pages, connected by a thread, with stitching, clip (bracket), the helical wire and bracket, etc. The compounds may be of several kinds: 1. usual, with two openings in the spine for each of the brackets 2. With three holes for each bracket, and the connection bracket is inserted into the hole the extreme ends of the brackets are bent and plants in the third central hole, while connecting the ends of the brackets, do not scratch.  
Brochure-catalog allows us to obtain complete information about products or services firm with colorful photos, detailed product descriptions and prices. Execution of brochures is the most diverse - from the text of brochures, printed on newsprint to full color, made of superior quality.  
The brochure can accommodate much more information than a leaflet or a brochure on the table and the destination, it lives longer. Made on quality paper, good color and twisted properly, a brochure on appearance could easily compete with other glossy magazines, but they have considerably less expensive project. This booklet can be placed not only in a special folder, but also a decoration for a bookshelf.

Brochure can be of 4 or more sheets placed in a soft cover and fastened together with paper clips, springs, thread, glue or special screw (see samples of brochures in our office). Method of binding depends primarily on the number of sheets and the material used. For example, if you want to order a print catalog - an elegant and subtle – it’s necessary to create a brochure on the clip. If your brochure will be more voluminous, the connecting sheet is better to use a spring or melting. 
We suggest you make a brochure using the most modern equipment. Printed on quality paper brochures are extremely bright colors and excellent binding. 
Brochures are good that can accommodate a much larger amount of information than leaflets or booklets. Typically, for the production of brochures, catalogs used A4 or A5.Nevertheless, at the company’s request; it’s possible to produce a brochure of any non-standard size. 

Manufacturing Brochure 
Manufacturer brochures - it's not an easy task. And above all - need to develop a structure and distribute the stored your information according to this structure. Here, you will need to "editor", i.e. person holding the information about your product and it is able to organize. Structure of the brochures should be tailored to suit the audience as a homemaker, manager, mayor and business owner - you need to speak different languages, each of them has their own preferences and emphases in the brochure barraged accordingly. You have to understand what you're doing, why and for whom - then you will get soundly and effective brochure. 
 
Brochures’ design 
having the finished structure and a clear understanding of the formula "that / what / who" - you can begin to design the brochure. There are a huge amount of freedom because brochure can be in various formats (horizontal, vertical, square or complex forms), while its size can vary from multi-page cards (50h90mm) to huge album (500h700mm). One of the best players of the advertising market said that "the brochure should be the size of the front door, do not bend and did not enter into the trash, then it shall not be able to get rid of ads will be visible, but by increasing the size - it is necessary to increase the budget. 
 
Nesting  
you probably pay attention to the fact that the text is read from one source is better than another - is a consequence of good and bad layout. Qualitatively coded brochure features a "transparent" and easy readability. Doing a great emphasis on ease of perception of information - you help your potential client to review the information and begin the process of decision making. If you have any difficulties with the rapid study of the information in the brochure - the decision making process may not occur. 
 
Print  
Print Brochure possible in different ways and depends on the concept and circulation (and sometimes on other parameters). For small print runs, printing of brochures is done by the method of digital printing. With a large number of copies it has resorted to offset printing. The quality of modern digital and modern offset printing - are comparable and the differences can only see a professional. The only significant feature - a laminated cover after the digital printing of brochures, if necessary, the possibility of lamination covers a small print run (up to 300 PHS.) Check with your manager as it depends on the layout for offset printing of brochures (500 PHS.) - Lamination may in any case. 
 
Registration of brochures 
Screen-printing. In addition to offset and digital printing in the production of brochures - can be used silk-screen printing (screen printing). Typically, the silk resort on the cover or in the insets of the design board or tracing paper. 
Selective UV varnish. To enhance the impact of images on a potential customer or partner - use a solid cover or spot UV varnish. Glossy photos look spectacular on matte paper. Particularly elegant look pages covered with a matte laminate, which in turn is covered with spot UV varnish.