Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 27 Ноября 2011 в 14:20, реферат
Данный спецкурс предназначены для студентов ,специализирующихся в области таможенного дела. Основная цель методических указаний – познакомить студентов с терминологией по данной специальности и развить у них умение и навыки делового общения и чтения текстов по специальности.
Tariffs may differentiate among the countries from which the imports are obtained. They may, for instance, be lower between countries that have previously entered into special arrangements, such as the trade preferences accorded to each other by members of the Commonwealth. (3200 symbols)
12.2.1 Answer the following questions:
1) What is a tariff or duty?
2) What are protective tariffs designed to do?
3) What are revenue tariffs aimed at?
4) On what is a transit tariff or transit duty levied?
5) On what is an export duty or export tax imposed?
6) What are quotas usually introduced for?
7) In what way do quotas differ from tariffs?
8) What are the two ways in which tariffs or imports may be applied?
9) What trade preferences do members of the Commonwealth have?
10) How can tariffs encourage domestic production?
11) Why are tariffs favoured by industries?
12) What tendencies may tariffs encourage as far as a market structure is concerned?
13) What can force the price of the import down?
14) What are the negative results of imposing higher duty rates?
15) Why is the amount of revenue obtainable through tariffs always limited?
12.2.2 Look through text A again and underline the words essential for its general understanding.
12.3 Read the following words
and their translation
preferential trade agreements преференциальные торговые соглашения
public health and safety законодательство по вопросам здравоохранения
legislation
counterfeiting and piracy legislation законодательство по вопросам
external trade statistics
procedure manual
circumvention of Customs
law
fraud
evasion of duties
trade transaction
to facilitate international trade содействовать развитию международной торговли
revenue collection
12.3.1 Scan the text B and make a statement of 5-8 sentences summarizing the contents of the text:
Text B The Problems Facing the Customs Administrations of Today
We live in a rapidly changing world. Things which we regard as commonplace today, world-wide telecommunications via satellite, space travel, the micro-processor, were scarcely conceivable just a few decades ago. In recent times the world has also changed from the Customs' perspective. The traditional Customs responsibilities of collecting duties and taxes and preventing smuggling still remain with us but Customs cannot afford to ignore the changing world conditions which have a major impact on their work. Some Customs authorities are responsible for such diverse tasks as immigration control and the enforcement of commercial policy through the implementation of preferential trade agreements, the operation of quotas and the application of restrictions, the application of public health and safety legislation, quarantine controls, currency controls, counterfeiting and piracy legislation and the collection of external trade statistics. These are just a few of the non-traditional areas in which Customs are now becoming increasingly involved. Trade demands for additional services such as deferred payment of duty have also had their effect on Customs.
The application of all these added responsibilities has led inevitably to an increase in the complexity of Customs regulations. Tariff books and procedure manuals are becoming significantly more detailed. Officials, who in the past applied a fairly simplified tariff schedule specifying Customs duties on a limited range of goods, are now faced with the increased complexities of tariffs based on the Harmonized System. It is becoming increasingly difficult in some countries for Customs officers to be aware of all existing regulations affecting importations. This has led to a lack of uniformity in the application of the law. It provides increased opportunities for the circumvention of Customs law and produces an ideal environment for the spread of practices such as irregular payments. Customs can expect an increased workload from increasing international trade and traffic. The problems of smuggling, therefore that the manner in which Customs Services conduct their business has a substantial impact on trade efficiency. Governments throughout the world recognize the value of Customs Services in their national economies and realize that the service being provided by Customs is one they cannot easily dispense with.However, they are also beginning to see the dangers of inefficient Customs Services. As a result, Customs Services around the world are re-examining the way they operate and deal with their customers. The challenge is to facilitate the international trade process at a minimum cost to economy, and without compromising the collection of revenue or the protection of the community from illegal cross-border movements of goods. (3000 symbols)
12.3.2 Look through the
text again and write out all word combinations with the word "Customs"
used attributively and translate them into Russian:
12.3.4 Match the words from the text with their corresponding definitions on the right (a - h).
VERBS
12.4 Speaking. Present your views on the following
1 What government practices can act as barriers to trade?
2 In what way may tariffs affect the economy of the country? What is the situation in Russia?
3 ”Protection and patriotism are reciprocal”. (J. Calhoun)
4 ”Dispatch is the sole of business.” (P. D. Stanhope)
13 English-Russian Glossary
Антиквариат/Antiques
ancient -
cтаринный
accompanied -сопровождаемый