Англійська мова

 

Міністерство освіти і науки України

 

Запорізький національний технічний університет

 

Факультет міжнародного туризму та управління

 

 

 

Кафедра іноземних мов  професійного спілкування

 

 

 

Контрольна робота

Для студентів МТУ

 

Англійська мова

5 курс

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Виконав:      студент(ка) групи №  МТУз-                                        ________________________

 

 

 

 

Перевірив        ________________________

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Запоріжжя

 

 

ВАРІАНТ № 1.

 

READING AND SPEAKING PRACTICE

 

1. Прочитайте і підготуйте переказ тексту. Напишіть 8 запитань до тексту.

 

The current state of tourism

 

Tourism may be defined as the science, art and business of attracting and transporting people, accommodating them, and catering to their needs and wants. As an industry, tourism is a dynamic, evolving, consumer-driven force.

 

What is the state of tourism today? The answer is simple – growth. The global tourism industry is growing steadily at a rate of around six per cent per year. The basic measure for this is international tourist arrivals. Since 1990, the number of international tourist arrivals has risen from 439 million to around a billion, or about six and a half per cent annually. Before that, from 1950 to 1990, the figure had risen from 25 million to 439 million.

 

The simple fact is that more and more people want to travel to more and more places. The attractions of computers and the virtual world haven’t reduced this. Back in the 1980s, some people thought that with the growth of computer technology, business travel would decline, but this hasn’t happened – in fact it’s expanded because there’s no substitute for face-to-face transactions, especially in a globalized economy. This has been helped by the fact that the relative cost of travel has fallen.

 

Let’s now look at a few developments behind those statistics – destinations and types of holiday, for example. In Europe established destinations like France, Spain, and Italy are being challenged by newer destinations offering cost advantages, such as Bulgaria and Croatia. On top of this, new shorter break destinations are emerging in the market. But more importantly, though still the region with the most international arrivals; Europe is beginning to lose its dominance of the tourism industry. Tourism in Asia – both as a destination and a generator of tourists – is growing dramatically. Since 1990, the number of tourist arrivals in Asia has gone up by nearly 400%. That’s something that wasn’t really predicted in the 1980s. At that time, people were expecting growth to come from Europe and America.

 

Another development is that the mass tourism of the 1950 to 1980 period has fallen, and given way to more independent specialist holidays. Yet, ironically, independent travel and backpacking has itself become characterized by ‘mass tendencies’ with a whole industry now developing to support it – from gap year tour companies to backpacker insurance policies and backpacker hotels.

 

Let’s have a look at the most dramatic development of all – computers and the Internet. The Internet has led to a revolution in the tourism and travel industry. On the one hand, it has resulted in a new type of independent consumer, who looks everything online. But on the other hand, even within the travel industry, the internet is emerging as the key distribution source. What this means is that the industry can reach customers directly, and as a result the role of the retail agent is declining.

 

At the same time, the big travel companies have fully embraced this new technology, whilst continuing to buy shares in other tourism-based companies, giving them even greater dominance in the market place. So what’s happening is that the big companies are getting bigger at the same time as more and more small specialist companies are emerging

 

In the second half of the 20^th, concern for the environmental impact of travel and tourism gradually increased. Some believed the jet aircraft would be replaced by space travel, that trains and cruise ships would use alternative fuel sources, that underwater leisure centres would be built – all with the hope of reducing the environmental impact of our industry. Well, these things haven’t happened. In fact, the number of flights by jet aircraft has increased sharply, particularly with the emergence of the low-cost airlines. The consequence is that we still have these concerns to deal with – and this will be something we come back to later on.

 

Write complete sentences from the notes. Change the form of the verb if necessary.

1. business travel / expand / in recent years

2. low-cost airlines / emerge / late twentieth century

3. currently / more and more people / take / short-haul flights

4. number of flights by jet aircraft / increase / sharply / 21^st century

5. increase in air travel / lead to / worries about environmental impact

6. internet / mean / more people book online / nowadays

7. as / result / number of specialist tour operators / increase / last twenty years

8. underwater leisure cities / not appear / yet

 

2. Прочитайте текст, дайте письмові відповіді на запитання до тексту, перекажіть текст.

 

The restaurant business

 

The first true restaurant, the Grand Taverne de Londres, opened in Paris in 1782, by Boulanger, “the father of modern restaurant”. He called his famous soups “restoratives”, because they were believed to restore the guests’ strength and energy. By 1794, when heads were literally rolling in Paris, there were about five hundred restaurants in this city. Although it really cannot be said that the French Revolution was responsible for the invention of the restaurant, it was responsible for the propagation of the concept. The chefs of the best restaurants were scattered by the Revolution. Some stayed in France; some went to other part of Europe; many crossed the Atlantic to America, especially to New Orleans, the truly French  corner of the New World. They almost all went into restaurant business, bringing their culinary traditions with them. Soon the plain, hearty fare of the British and the primitive cooking of the Americans were laced with piquant sauces. Other countries, too, felt the effects of French culinary artistry, and most absorbed some of the principles of French cooking into their own. Exceptions were the Italians, who had developed their own very strong culinary traditions and felt, with great deal of justification, that French cooking was itself derived from the Italian.

 

Restaurants play an important role in society. Dining out fulfils an important social need. People want not only nourishment, but also the social interaction that takes place in a restaurant setting. But the successful operation of a restaurant is dependent on a number of factors, and the most important of them are its positioning, i.e. a distinctive place in the market and its concept, i.e. the total impression it makes on its potential guests.

 

The market of the restaurant is composed of those guests who will patronize it. A good indication of the size of the market can be ascertained by taking a radius of from 1 to 5 miles around the restaurant in question. This area is usually called the catchment area. In order to determine the potential viability of a restaurant it is necessary to divide the number of restaurants in the catchment area by the total population. The average number of people per restaurant in the USA is about five hundred. Perhaps this kind of saturation is one of the reasons for the high failure rate in restaurant business.

 

Obviously, each area is different: one location may have several Italian restaurants but no Chinese restaurant. Therefore, a Chinese restaurant would be unique in the market, and, if properly positioned, may have a competitive advantage. If someone in the catchment area wanted to eat Italian food, he would have to choose among the various Italian restaurants, each year thousands of restaurants open and thousands more close, and even nore change ownership for cents on the dollar. The restaurant business is relatively easy to enter, but it is very difficult to succeed.

 

 

Answer the following questions:

 

1. What is the etymology of the word “restaurant”?
2. In what sense was the French Revolution responsible for the spread of restaurants in the world?
3. What was characteristic of traditional British and American cooking?
4. What country was least influenced by French culinary traditions?
5. What trends does a restaurant fulfill?
6. What is meant by “positioning”?
7. How do the marketers find out the size of the catchment area of a restaurant?
8. How is the potential viability of a restaurant calculated?
9. What is the reason for the high failure rate of restaurants in the USA?
10. When has a restaurant a competitive advantage?

 

3. Перекладіть письмово текст, підготуйте стислий переказ тексту обсягом 6-7 речень.

 

Service characteristics of hospitality industry

Key terms and concepts

 

The services of hospitality industry have characteristics typical for any service. Firstly, they are characterized by intangibility: they cannot be seen, tasted, felt, heard, or smelled before they are provided. The second major characteristic of hospitality services is inseparability: they are produced and consumed at the same time and cannot be separated from the situation of service. The third major characteristic of services is their variability: lack of consistency resulting from the fact that their quality may vary greatly, depending on who provides them and when, where, and how they are provided. And the fourth major characteristic of services is their perishability: they cannot be stored for later sale or use; if not used now they are lost forever.

 

Bearing in mind these characteristics of services it is easy to understand the importance of organization image (the way the customers see a hospitality organization) which depends on effectiveness of management strategies meant to tangibilize services (that is, to use physical evidence, such as trade marks, employee uniforms, physical surroundings as promotional means to reduce buyer’s uncertainty about the quality of future services). In a wider sense, organization image is a result of service culture (a system of values and beliefs in an organization that reinforces the idea that the quality service is the first priority of the business).

 

Among the ways to improve service culture is proactive marketing (marketing techniques meant to promote the idea that service quality of interaction between the customers and the service people). The people who actually render the services are often referred to as customer-contact employees. In its turn, the quality of these interactions depends on the quality of interaction between the service people and their managers. The relations of this kind are often called internal marketing, which can be defined as effective training and motivating the service people to work as a team to provide customer satisfaction.

 

Of course, not everything about the organization image depends on the company itself. The intermediaries can do a lot to promote or destroy the image. In hospitality industry, the intermediaries are, for example, the tour wholesalers, the travel agents, the travel writers, etc. that is why the company should work with them, giving them a chance to experience their facilities in low-risk situations, for example, organizing the so-called fam trips (from the word “familiarization”, that is “making familiar”). During such trips, hotels provide rooms, food, beverage and entertainment to the intermediaries free of charge, in hope that this experience will encourage them to recommend the hotel. This tactic is often used with travel agents and the meeting planners – specialists in coordinating every detail of meetings and conventions (professional or business meetings, which usually include some form of exposition or trade show). When the airlines offer free tickets (usually called complimentary) to tour wholesalers, it is also a kind of a fam trip, meant to increase the company’s business. 

 

VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR TESTS

 

1. Complete the sentences with work, job or career.

 

1  I took on too much ……… last month and couldn’t finish it all.

2  At the peak of her ……… she was managing a sales force of 200 people.

3  Daniel Robertson’s ……… in education lasted almost four decades.

4  I have a very demanding ………, but I enjoy it, nonetheless.

5  At the moment we are carrying out ……… on the design of the new stadium.

6  The scandal ruined his ……… and he never worked in the stock market again.

7  I’m going to apply for a ……… in a supermarket.

8  She had a long and brilliant ……… in show business. At 20, she got her first steady ……… in a small regional theatre, but it was in 1968 that her ……… really took off when she was offered a part in a TV series.

 

2. Match the newspaper headlines 1 – 6 with the topics of the stories a – f .

 

1. BUSINESS GOES UNDER
2. STIFF COMPETITION FOR LOCAL FIRM
3. BUSINESS BOOMING IN THE AREA
4. JACKSON’S STRIKE SUCCESSFUL DEAL WITH JAPAN
5. ICE CREAM COMPANY TO BE FLOATED
6. PAPER COMPANY EXPECTED TO FOLD

 

1. a company wins a promising new contract
2. a rival company is causing problems
3. a firm is going to sell shares for the first time
4. a company has ceased trading
5. a company may go out of business
6. local companies’ sales figures are looking good

 

3. Choose the correct collocations.

 

1. This shop gives very good worth / cost / value for money.
2. Every business wants satisfactory / satisfied / satisfying customers.
3. He is an economist who believes in the advantages of healthy / rich / fertile competition.
4. Service doesn’t have to be next-day but it should be reasonably punctual / prompt / present.
5. I hate it when you phone a company and get put on hole / hang / hold for ages. 

 

4. Complete these descriptions of TV documentaries using a word from the box.

 

arduous       beaten       intrepid       sense       sights       trekking       unexplored

 

 

1. John Howes presents holiday tips for those heading off the ……… track, while Anneke Zousa does the ……… of New York in record time.

 

2. In this fascinating film, Grieshaus gives us a picture of the largely ……… wilderness of the Kara Kum Desert.

 

3. Like a(n) ……… explorer of the nineteenth century, James Westly traveled with only two companions.

 

4. In 1957, Anna Tresholm went ……… through the mountains of North-Eastern Turkey and filmed every step of her way. This unique footage reveals the harshness of her ……… journey.

 

5. This film conveys a genuine ……… of adventure, as we travel with its makers through the dense jungles of Guyana.

 

5. Fill in the correct relative pronoun.

 

1. The lady ……… is speaking to the airport officials is the one ……… luggage mysteriously disappeared.
2. It was 1990 ……… I traveled to Italy, as I have always wanted to visit the place ……… my parents were born.
3. Her brothers, both of ……… are university students, enjoy going surfing at weekends.
4. In the café ……… I go for my lunch break, I often see a man ……… looks a lot like Paul Newman.
5. The old building ……… is now being restored, once belonged to a wealthy merchant ………ghost is said to haunt the place.
6. Kenya is the place ……… they have chosen to spend their summer holidays this year, ……… is the reason ……… they are having vaccinations.
7. The TV programme ……… I saw last night was about old people ……… go hiking every weekend.

 

6. Fill in a, an or the where necessary. 

 

1) ……… Paris in 2) ……… spring is said to be 3) ……… unique experience. Seeing 4) ……… Palace of Versailles, 5) ……… Louvre and of course 6) ……… world famous Eiffel Tower, is 7) ……… must for any visitor to 8) ……… capital of 9) ……… France.

 

7. Choose the correct word to fill in the blanks.

 

Travel Tips

Traveling abroad is getting easier for young people nowadays. If you take the time to talk to travel 1) ……… and shop around, some really good 2) ……… can be found.

Eurorail and Interail are two travel cards which 3) ……… people aged 20 or under, unlimited 4) ……… in Europe, mainly by train. It’s quite a good idea to plan your 5) ……… before you set off. Most young travelers stay on campsites or in youth 6) ………, as they are quite cheap.

Unbelievable bargains can be found by making last-minute 7) ……… for charter flights. Remember to 8) ……… with your luggage two hours before 9) ……… for international flights. But don’t take too much with you or you won’t be able to 10) ……… it to the bus or taxi that will take you to your hotel.

It is advisable to carry traveller’s 11) ……… rather than cash, and keep them in a money belt around your waist. Look after your passport and tickets carefully. If disaster 12) ……… and all your valuables are 13) ………, contact your nearest 14) ………. There they’ll help you with all the paperwork and make 15) ……… you get home safely.

 

1  A  officers          B  agents          C  guides           D representatives

2  A  sales              B  amounts       C  purchases     D  deals

3  A  allow             B  let                C  make             D  free

4  A  distance         B  wander        C  travel             D  tour

5  A  way               B  route            C  map               D  path

6  A  hotels            B  villas            C  hostels          D  apartments

7  A  reservings     B  bookings      C  holdings        D  closings

8  A  sign in           B  register        C  check in         D  apply to

9  A  take off         B  lifting           C  lift-off           D  departing

10 A  bring            B  lift                C  hold               D  carry

11 A  cheques        B  checks         C  bills               D  notes

12 A  strikes          B  hits               C  beats             D  knocks

13 A  burgled        B  robbed          C  removed       D  stolen

14 A  council         B  bureau          C  embassy       D  ambassador

15 A  secure           B  sure              C  definite         D  assured                      

 

8. Complete these sentences. In each one put one verb in the past simple and the other verb in the past continuous.

1  When he finally ……… (retire), he ……… (work) for the company for 20 years.

2  We ……… (wait) for over five hours by the time the plane finally ……… (leave).

3  When they ……… (make) the breakthrough, they ……… (try) to solve the problem for two years.

4  He finally ……… (decide) to see a doctor because he ……… (not / feel) well for months.

5  when the accident ……… (happen), he ……… (drive) the lorry for 13 hours without a break.

9. Complete the sentences with if, when, unless or in case.

1  Please don’t disturb me in the meeting ……… something really urgent comes up.

2  M Dubarry is coming in today – p-lease give me a ring ……… he gets here.

3  ……… everything goes according to plan, we will meet our targets easily this year.

4  the flight is full, so I can’t get a confirmed seat ……… there is a cancellation.

5  I always take a spare battery for my laptop ……… the main one runs out.

10. Complete the following sentences. Put the verbs into the infinitive or the –ing form.