Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 13 Ноября 2011 в 16:36, реферат
Contemporary period in the development of Russian economics, when the radical changes have been made in the sphere of human resource management, is characterized by the acute shortage of qualified trained managers selected on the basis of ability and expertise. During last years interesting books on the personnel management have appeared, however, still there is lack of monographs, books and research works based on the modern management theory and a long history of work. So it turns out to be important to study the questions, concerning personnel and personal management either in business or in state and municipal management.
Human Resource Management
Contemporary period in the development of Russian economics, when the radical changes have been made in the sphere of human resource management, is characterized by the acute shortage of qualified trained managers selected on the basis of ability and expertise. During last years interesting books on the personnel management have appeared, however, still there is lack of monographs, books and research works based on the modern management theory and a long history of work. So it turns out to be important to study the questions, concerning personnel and personal management either in business or in state and municipal management.
I. Most urgent problems of personnel management:
II.
State and municipal management
The beginning of the XXI century is evidently in the making of new Russian State, the institutions of new democratic state and municipal management. The tasks that have to be carried out in modern organizations require thorough studying of current foreign management theories and practical tools in particular, plans for solving definite situations as well as recommendations for putting foreign experience into practice.
In this connection, it's essential to analyze the following issues:
Territory development
For all-round social and economic territory development of the city it is necessary to study foreign experience in the field of strategy planning of the city territory development.
In the frame of this work it's possible to organize a business game "strategies of territory development" between students, which will make them know the principles and the steps to follow in this direction; it will also enable the most interested students to undertake projects, get skills for doing SWOT - analysis, plan long - term goals and tasks and formulate the mission of the city and separate territory.
State - private partnership
The characteristic feature of contemporary period of reforms is an administrative reform in the course of which it's necessary to relieve state and municipal management organs of extra functions at the expense of transmission of these functions to self- regulating organizations, civil society institutions and associations of entrepreneurs.
For accomplishing the arranged tasks it seems to be reasonable to educate and train well - qualified personnel, capable of learning the peculiarities of building the partnership between public sector, government and business.
The necessity of decision - making in the field of partnership organization between government and business requires studying international experience, carrying out scientific research, including combined ones. The implementation of administrative reforms also requires making arrangements for a wide range of consulting services for either organs of government or businessmen.
Municipal economy
Realization of the reforms in housing - communal economy requires recruiting personnel specialized not only in maintenance but also in management, the specialists who know and practice the principles of state management and economic policy, principles of local self - government. Contemporary changes in this field require studying of the developed countries, experience in the organization of municipal economy; doing common combined scientific research in this field as well as working out the principles for adaptation to new conditions. Modern reforms in municipal economy make constant changes in advanced training of the specialists more urgent. That's why the consulting services by key managers on the organizational matters of municipal economy, state and municipal management, management, including foreign experience are becoming more and more up - to - date.
Business
Despite the fact that there have been positive changes in the development of small and medium - sized enterprises in this country there is still a considerable lag behind economically developed countries of the West. The experience in small business management, accumulated in the countries of the West Europe has been used non - effectively in Russia both on the national and inter- government levels.
At the same time the reality and intensity of its development depends on the effective use of foreign experience in this field on the federal and regional levels as well as on the level of small enterprises. In this connection it's imperative to study the following points: state policy in small business; developing motivation in population for enterprising activity; financial support of small enterprising; reducing risks in small business; interrelation between small and medium - sized business and large - scale enterprises as well as non - governmental organizations: leasing, franchising, venture capital financing, technoparks and so on.
PR - public relations
Every efficient director of any level is supposed to know the art of communication and relations with different social groups. In contemporary conditions it's almost impossible to achieve success without using channels of communication with the public, such as advertisement, marketing, interviews, press, mass media, exhibitions, and presentations, sponsorship, etc.
It's important to know principles, the structure of social relations, characteristics of communicational process. Acquisition of the skills in image enhancement for an individual or the whole city and in building of corporate culture in commercial organizations is also very timely. In the conditions of extreme situations it's also necessary to know the logics of the crowd, to use, escaping the traps of social opinion, the intensive means for influencing the masses.
Crisis management
One of the most serious problems in theory and practice of social relations is working out the nature, reasons, special features and effects of conflicts, the dynamics of their development, the basic mechanisms of escalation and de-escalation. Proper vision of mediation and its different displays, possibilities, and limitations is the key to respectful attitude towards negotiations as the major means of peaceful regulations of social conflicts. The director of any level has to know theory and practice of social, economic, politic, ethnic and organizational conflicts, as well as the ways and methods of their regulations.
In the conditions of increasing competition and complexity of social relations there is urgent necessity for the specialists with all - round vision of tactics of negotiations, strategy development, capable of employing different styles, means, and methods while organizing and carrying on negotiations. A contemporary manager should take care of social and psychological environment inside his personnel staff, that's why it's necessary to obtain skills in crisis analysis, conflict management and way of behavior of the executive in a conflict situation.
Such skills can be acquired via role - plays, business games and case - study.
State and Municipal property management
Despite the existence of centuries - old history of development of economic thought over different aspects of property, public property management in times of global reforms remains to be one of the complex problems,
It's known that in Russia the old system of state property management has been collapsed, while the new one hasn't been formed and realized conceptually.
In these conditions it's essential to develop the conception of public property management on the fundamentally scientific base. In this connection studying of the following issues seems to be reasonable: