Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 20 Марта 2012 в 23:44, курс лекций
В работе находятся тексты аудирования по англ. языку.
4. A smart home probably sounds like a nightmare to those people not comfortable with computers as sometimes you may find them difficult to operate. It’s like if you try to turn on the television in your smart home, lights will start flashing, and this does happen occasionally.
Smart homes also come with some security problems. Hackers who access the network will have the ability to turn off alarm systems and lights, leaving the home open to a break-in.
Of course, there's also the question of whether an individual needs all this technology. Is our society really so lazy that we can't turn flip a light switch? It's an interesting argument, but smart homes are coming.
Unit 6, Lesson 8: see SB
Unit 7
Unit 7, Lesson 1, Ex.2
Prefixes and suffixes are generally known as affixes. Affixes create new words, usually by changing the meaning of a root word.
A prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a word to make a new word: In the word '”UNHAPPY”, 'UN-' is a prefix added to HAPPY. UN- is a Latin word for NOT.
A suffix on the other hand is a letter or group of letters added to the end of a word to make another word. The suffix NESS added to the end of the word TOGETHER creates another word TOGETHERNESS. A good knowledge of English prefixes and suffixes will help students develop vocabulary without the need to always check their dictionary.
Since English is a language that has thousands of words from other languages, a brief description of commonly used prefixes and suffixes would do much good.
Unit 7, Lesson 2, Ex.3a
The borders of Belarus were changed so many times it can be hard to know where your family really comes from: Russia, Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine or Belarus. Our lecture is not limited to persons of Belarusian ethnicity; Russians, Jews, Poles, Vikings, etc., may be found in the list.
How many of us would have guessed that the legendary Hollywood actor Kirk Douglas was born to Belarusian parents? They emigrated from Gomel to the USA when Kirk was just three years old, in 1919. Likewise, top American designer Ralph Lauren’s parents are from Belarus (his father from Pinsk and his mother from Grodno).
Belarus also has its fair share of writers. Yanka Kupala, Yakub Kolas, Vasil Bykov… Science-fiction king Isaac Asimov was born in the village of Petrovichi in the Mogilev Region of Belarus. Few know that Fyodor Dostoevsky - one of Russia’s greatest prose writers – was born into a Belarusian family. Although his parents had moved to Moscow by the time he arrived in the world, they hailed from the small Belarusian village of Dostoevo in the Ivanovo District. Last autumn, the village celebrated the 500th anniversary of the famous family.
Belarus has brought forth some of our world’s most prominent athletes. Just think of Olga Korbut – from Grodno or Max Mirnyi (nicknamed The Beast for his aggressive play). Other notable sporting heroes include Olympic medalists Yulia Nesterenko, Yekaterina Karsten, Yanina Korolchik and Ellina Zvereva. How about Stuttgart midfield Alexander Hleb? The wrestler Alexander Medved? The winner of the 2009 World Chess Cup, Boris Gelfand?
One of most famous of all people from Belarus, Marc Chagall is known around the world as a master of classic avant-garde art. The pioneer of geometric abstract art Kazimir Malevich, sculptor Osip Zadkine, Vladimir Vyshnevski also come from this land.
As far as science is concerned: Ignat Domejko was a well-known geologist who spent most of his life in Chile where he became a national hero. He is officially recognised by UNESCO for his achievements. Alexander Chizhevsky, born in the Grodno region in 1897, was a famous scientist who studied the biological effects of the sun and universe. Zhores Alferov, born in Vitebsk, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 2000.
Haim Weizman from the small village near Pinsk was an outstanding chemist who gave lectures in Switzerland and Great Britain. He also became the first president of Israel in 1949 and remained at this post until his death. By the way, Shimon Peres, Israel’s new President and Nobel Prize winner, was born in Belarus in the village of Vishnevo in the Minsk Region.
Petr Klimuk, the first Belarusian cosmonaut and a researcher in technical sciences was born in Komarovka village, Brest region, in 1942. He made three space flights as a member of spaceship and orbital space station missions.
Vladimir Kovalenok was born near Minsk in 1942. He trained as a pilot and became a celebrated cosmonaut in the Soviet Union. He commanded 3 space missions and was twice declared a Hero.
There are successful Belarusian artists, writers, models and businessmen all over the world. But the number one Belarusian in the world is Boris Kit. This outstanding rocket scientist and Belarusian turned 100 this year. Today he lives in Frankfurt-am-Main but remains truly devoted to his language and his motherland. Perhaps he is the man to make you feel that, in fact, you are lucky to come from Belarus.
Unit 7, Lesson 5, Ex.2b
a) Mr. Smith opened the door very quietly, looked carefully around the room and slowly walked in. The window was open and the curtains were blowing in the wind. Clearly someone had left in a hurry.
b) A: I met Steven Spielberg. Well, I think it was him.
B: Oh yeah?
A: Yeah, really. It was in LA airport.
B: What were you doing up there?
A: Oh, I was meeting some friends. They’d asked me to pick them up and I’d driven all the way from Santa Barbara.
Unit 7, Lesson 6, Ex.2
Not everyone who's on top today got there with success after success. More often than not, those who history best remembers were faced with numerous problems that made them work harder and show more determination than others. Next time you're feeling down about your failures at school or any other business, keep these ten famous people in mind and remind yourself that sometimes failure is just the first step towards success.
A. While Henry Ford is known as one of the richest and influential people in the world whose introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry, he wasn't an immediate success. In fact, his early businesses failed and left him broke five times before he founded the successful Ford Motor Company.
B. Bill Gates didn't seem to promise any success after giving up his studies in Harvard and starting a failed first business called Traf-O-Data with his friend Paul Allen. While this early idea didn't work, Gates' later work did, creating the global empire that is Microsoft.
C. Today Walt Disney rakes in billions from products, movies and theme parks around the world, but Walt Disney himself had a bit of a rough start. Hardly had he started his first job in a newspaper when he was fired because, "he lacked imagination and had no good ideas." After that, Disney started a number of businesses that didn't last too long and ended with loss of money and failure. He kept working hard, however, and eventually found a recipe for success that worked.
D. Most of us take Albert Einstein's name as synonymous with genius, but he didn't always show such promise. Einstein did not speak until he was four and did not read until he was seven, causing his teachers and parents to think he had mental problems, was slow and anti-social. Eventually, he was expelled from school and couldn’t enter the Zurich Polytechnic School. It might have taken him a bit longer, but most people would agree that he caught on pretty well in the end, winning the Nobel Prize and changing the face of modern physics.
E. In his early years, teachers told Thomas Edison he was "too stupid to learn anything." Work was no better, as he was fired from his first two jobs for not being productive enough. Even as an inventor, Edison made 1,000 unsuccessful attempts at inventing the light bulb. Of course, all those unsuccessful attempts finally resulted in the design that worked.
F. The brothers Orville and Wilbur Wright had to cope with depression and family illness before starting the bicycle shop that would lead them to experimenting with flight. After numerous attempts at creating flying machines, several years of hard work, and tons of failed models, the brothers finally created a plane that could get up in the air and stay there.
G. While today Abraham Lincoln is remembered as one of the greatest leaders of our nation, Lincoln's life wasn't so easy. In his youth he went to war a captain and returned a private (if you're not familiar with military ranks, just know that private is as low as it goes.) Lincoln didn't stop failing there, however. He started numerous failed businesses and lost in numerous elections for public office he participated in.
H. Oprah Winfrey: Most people know Oprah as one of the most iconic faces on TV as well as one of the richest and most influential women in the world. Oprah faced a hard road to get to that position, however, having a terrible childhood. No sooner had she been born than her teenage mother fled away leaving her to live on her grandmother’s farm. The family was so poor that Winfrey often wore dresses made of potato sacks, for which the local children made fun of her. At 13, after years of horrific life, Winfrey ran away from home. Later she also had numerous career setbacks including losing her job as a television reporter because she was "unfit for TV."
I. Stephen King: The first book by this author, the iconic thriller Carrie, was turned down 30 times, finally causing King to give up and throw it in the trash. His wife fished it out and encouraged him to finish it and send it again, and the rest is history, with King now having hundreds of books published the distinction of being one of the best-selling authors of all time. His books have sold more than 350 million copies which have been made into many movies and television films.
Unit 7, Lesson 7, Ex.6
Imagine there's no Heaven
It's easy if you try
No hell below us
Above us only sky
Imagine all the people
Living for today
Imagine there's no countries
It isn't hard to do
Nothing to kill or die for
And no religion too
Imagine all the people
Living life in peace
You may say that I'm a dreamer
But I'm not the only one
I hope someday you'll join us
And the world will be as one
Imagine no possessions
I wonder if you can
No need for greed or hunger
A brotherhood of man
Imagine all the people
Sharing all the world
You may say that I'm a dreamer
But I'm not the only one
I hope someday you'll join us
And the world will live as one
Unit 7, Lesson 8: see SB
UNIT 8
Unit 8, Lesson 2, Ex.2b)
British mass media include 820 radio stations, 531 television channels, 1,598 newspapers and 1,971 magazines – from 270 media owners. They all provide us with news. The most traditional medium of delivering news to the people is, of course, the newspaper.
National newspapers in the UK were traditionally divided by format, between serious, intelligent, quality newspapers – broadsheets - and the sensational, popular or red-top tabloids. Several of the broadsheet newspapers have now changed to tabloid or Berliner formats. (Berliner is about the same size as a tabloid, which is easy to open in public transport, but taller.) Even so, the difference in reputation between the two types still remains.
Broadsheets and ‘broadsheet style’ newspapers (serious ones but in Berliner or tabloid format) are The Daily Telegraph, The Times, The Sunday Times, The Guardian, The Observer, The Independent. Tabloids are The Daily Express, The Daily Mail, The Sun, The Mirror, The Daily Star, The People, The Daily Express.
Unit 8, Lesson 4, ex. 1a)
Say what you know,
Please, don’t tell a lie,
Tell me a secret
To keep till I die.
Unit 8, Lesson 4, ex. 2
- What did she ask you to do?
- She told me to say what I knew. She also asked me not to tell a lie. She asked me to tell her my secret.
Unit 8, Lesson 4, Ex.3
1. (Woman) Please, switch on the TV.
2. (Man) Now, Guinness, bring my newspaper. (Bow-wow!)
3. (Old man) Give me The Times, please.
4. (Woman) Tell me your news, please.
5. Tell me the truth.
6. Don’t forget to but some magazines.
7. Could you recommend me a good broadsheet, please?
8. Switch off the TV now!
9. Don’t read this newspaper. It’s biased!
Unit 8, Lesson 5, Ex.2
Reporter: Dear listeners: Today we are starting a new series of interviews called “My Favorite Magazine.” As you might have guessed from the title, we’ll be asking people to tell us about their favorite magazines each month. Our first interviewee, Jerry, picked The New Yorker as his favorite magazine.
A little bit about The New Yorker magazine: First published in 1925, The New Yorker is famous for its award-winning reporting, fiction, poetry, political cartoons, commentary and reviews. The New Yorker focuses on the cultural life of New York City, but also reports on national and international affairs.
1. Tell us who you are, what you do and what you are interested in.
Jerry: Let’s see...I live in Texas. I work a corporate job, write rock songs, design clothes, take neighborhood walks, watch movies, and go out with friends.
Reporter: 2.How long have you been reading magazines?
Jerry: My relationship with magazines started in my childhood. I would go to the grocery store with my mom as a kid and find myself bored at the magazine shelves. I’d look through heavy metal magazines but they didn’t interest me. I think it was in the high school when I finally came to like magazines like National Geographic, Time, Glamour – my world opened up. Those magazines contained a secret universe. I’d read stories about fashion, art, travel, music. It was exciting stuff. I’ve been reading lots of magazines, but really, I think the New Yorker is the coolest: movie criticism, music criticism, fiction writing, and all the rest.
Reporter: 3.Why did you start reading The New Yorker?
Jerry: This magazine is for the reader who likes good fiction, interesting essays, and exciting music and movie reviews. So, this magazine is just for me.
Reporter: 4. Do you have any magazine-reading rituals?
Jerry: I keep things very simple. No favorite chair but I do prefer to have a hot drink at hand. Usually I start at the back of the magazine and work my way to the front. Sometimes I sit cross-legged on the floor. Either way, it’s a wonderful way to spend part of an afternoon.
Unit 8, Lesson 7, ex.1
a) - Why will television never take place of newspapers?
- Have you ever tried swatting a fly with a television?
b) - What’s on television tonight, son?
- Same as usual, dad: the goldfish and a lamp.
c) - Knock, knock.
- Who’s there?
- Watson.
- Watson who?
- What’s on television?
d) - Knock, knock.
- Who’s there?
- Alison.
- Alison who?
- Alison to my radio.
Unit 8, Lesson 7, Ex. 3
Do you watch the news on TV or listen to it on the radio?
Person 1: Yes, I sometimes watch the news on TV and listen to it on the radio.
Person 2: Yes, I do.
Person 3: Mostly on television. Not very often on the radio.
Person 4: No, I don’t. I don’t like the news.
Person 5: Yes, I’m interested in the news, but I mostly watch in on TV.
What programmes do you watch?
Person 1: I watch gardening shows – I love gardening and shopping programmes, too. I watch other programmes as well.
Person 2: Various – from chat shows to lifestyle programmes.
Person 3: All the programmes I have time for: chat shows, game shows, dramas, sitcoms, music programmes, lifestyle programmes, soaps – all of them.
Person 4: I love watching anything on TV.
Person 5: Soaps, music programmes, chat shows, wildlife and animal programmes, DIY programmes, charity shows, you name it – the whole lot.
What programmes do your parents watch?
Person 1: The news, and dramas. They are too busy to watch anything else.
Person 2: Dramas, soaps, sitcoms, the news, of course.
Person 3: Mu Dad watches the news from morning till night. Mum has to watch the news with him too. She also watches dramas and soaps. They sometimes watch sitcoms together – just to relax.
Person 4: Dramas and sitcoms mostly.
Person 5: First – the news, then – soaps, sitcoms and dramas.
What are your favourite programmes?
Person 1: Music programmes, animal and wildlife programmes. I can’t stand reality shows though. I don’t understand how you can watch them. They are so stupid!
Person 2: Music programmes, animal and wildlife programmes, DIY programmes.
Person 3: I love music programmes. I’d rather watch a good music programme than a soap.
Person 4: I like DIY programmes and charity shows. It’s so kind of the rich and famous to donate their money to the poor
Person 5: Animal programmes are my favourites, and music programmes, too. I hate reality shows.
Unit 8, Lesson 8, Ex.2
Heavy rains cooled the Russian capital after weeks of no rain and awful heat, but dozens of wildfires are still burning around Moscow and a new fire was spotted near the nation's top nuclear research centre, officials said Friday. The city remains largely free of the clouds of smog that affected it earlier, but weather experts say smoke from burning forests may choke the city later in the day if the wind direction changes. Russia's Emergency Situations Ministry says its teams have managed to reduce the area covered by wildfires, but huge territories are still continuing to burn across the country, including the area around Moscow. It said about 14,000 firefighters are battling fires around the Russian capital.
A tornado touched down in North Dakota on Thursday, throwing a car about 400 metres and killing its 51-year-old Canadian driver. The driver was travelling on U.S. Highway 52 about 10 kilometres east of Bowbells when the car was thrown into a nearby field, local police said. The four-door sedan fell on its roof about 10:30 p.m. Thursday. The driver was pronounced dead at the local hospital. A 19-year-old man who was a passenger in the car was taken to hospital with serious injuries. The tornado also destroyed a home and damaged another, along with some other buildings, the National Weather Service said. No injuries were reported.
New landslides killed 24 people and left 24 missing in China as heavy rains made rescue work nearly impossible Friday in a region where more than 1,100 people have died. More rain was forecast in the coming days — nine centimetres was expected Friday — and the National Weather Centre said the threat of more landslides was "relatively large." Tents set up as emergency shelters were flooded, and hundreds of homes were completely buried. 1,144 people were reported dead on Friday. Clean drinking water was not available, with most local sources too polluted to use. The media reported numerous cases of dysentery, but there were no reports of an epidemic outbreak. Flooding in China has killed more than 2,000 people this year and caused tens of billions of dollars in damage across 28 provinces and regions.
As many as 14 million people have been affected in some way by the floods in the north of Pakistan, which are now spreading to the south. “This crisis will not be over when the flood waters recede — due to homelessness, hunger and illness,” the UN Refugee Agency said in a statement. In many areas one hundred per cent crops are underwater and tens of thousands of animals have been killed.” Aid agencies are working with government officials to provide help and deliver food and water to the region, but bad weather and damaged roads are creating challenges for aid organizations. Officials have said between 1,200 and 1,600 people have died as a result of the floods. There is a danger of outbreaks of disease.
Unit 8, Lesson 9, Ex.2
a)
- Safe man, what’s the what?
- Nang. This Matthew man, he’s nuff sick.
- Yeah, he’s hype now, for real!
- He isn’t bait, tru-dat. Them clowns think me and my bluds, we watch the telly on the regs.
- They don’t know nothing about the yutes these days.
- Jokes, man.
- Hi, mate. How are you?
- Fine. This Matthew, he’s very good.
- Yes, he’s in the news now, really!
- He’s not stupid, that’s true. Some idiots think that my mates and I regularly watch TV.
- They don’t know anything about young people now.
- Ridiculous!
UNIT 9
Unit 9, Lesson 3, Ex.1
Thank you for the birthday cake (it tasted like my socks).
Thank you for the birthday gift (at least I liked the box).
Thank you for the birthday song (you yelled into my ear).
Thank you for the birthday punch (left over from last year),
Thank you, Mum, and thank you, Dad, and thank you, Brother Ben.
I‘ll thank you now for never ever doing this again.
Unit 9, Lesson 4, Ex.1
A. Fred: Dad, I’m too tired to do my homework.
Dad: Now my boy, hard work never killed anyone yet.
Fred: So why should I run the risk of being the first?
B. Teacher: Johnson, stop showing off. Do you think you’re the teacher of this class?
Boy: No, sir.
Teacher: Right, then stop behaving like a fool.
Unit 9, Lesson 4, Ex.2
Natalie: I think yes, but I’m one of the few who don’t. My parents read my letters, my emails and even my diary. I hate being controlled!
Mel: I think that teenagers are given enough freedom by the government – you can drive a car at the age of 16 here in Australia, vote, buy cigarettes and alcohol at the age of 18. You can leave school at 16. But the amount of freedom given by the parents is a different story. Parents that let their teens do whatever they want are usually visiting them in the hospital after a car crash and helping them out of trouble. But parents who set limits for their teens are usually better off. However, you can be over-protective by not letting your teens meet friends at all which will lead to problems later in life.
Daniel: I personally have to strongly disagree. Growing up, I had more freedom than any other teen I had ever met. I never had a bedtime. Nobody read my letters or emails. I never had to be in by a certain time. I was never told to clean my room. I had no rules, other than taking off my shoes when I came in the door because the floors were clean. Because I didn’t have rules growing up I taught myself how to live. My Mum kept saying: to be independent is to be strong. Because my mother and my grandma didn’t try being so controlling, I learned to open up for them more. Now, when I’m ready to go to college, I can be even more responsible than others. Unlike some others, I know how much sleep I need. I’ll know how to feed myself when I’m hungry instead of eating junk food all the time. I can openly tell my Mum that I’m not doing so well at school, and she will understand me right away and try to help me fix it without making me feel bad about it. I believe kids like me, without too many boundaries, have a much better relationship with their parents.
Melissa: I agree. I think that putting a lot of boundaries on teenagers makes them want to cross them. My parents were very strict when I was growing up. They didn’t approve of my meeting with mates, they always objected to my staying out late. They wouldn’t forgive me for being even 5 minutes late and they always warned me against going out with boys. As a result, I went a little wild between the ages of 14-16 – nothing serious just losing interest in school, because I got sick of my parents being so pushy. I also decided against being a good girl and I used to go to night clubs a lot. If you push your children too hard one way, they’re going to go the other way.
Harry: Some freedom is all right. Parents are protective because they want their kids to have more chances in their lives. If children get too much freedom, they indulge in bad habits. I agree everyone should have freedom, but being busy with good things is best for everybody regardless of their age.