Олимпийские игры

Основные данные о работе

Версия шаблона	1.1
Филиал
Вид работы	Творческая работа
Название дисциплины	Английский язык
Тема	Олимпийские игры
Фамилия студента
Имя студента
Отчество студента
№ контракта

 

Содержание

Основная часть             3

1. The Olympic games           3

Приложения             9

Основная часть

1. The Olympic games

Principles, rules and regulations Olympics defined by the Olympic Charter, the foundations of which were approved by the International sports congress in Paris in 1894. Decision on the proposal of the French teacher and public figure of Pierre de Coubertin of the Games on the model of the ancient and the creation of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has become a significant event in the history of the Olympic movement.     

According to the Charter of the Olympics Games "... unite amateur athletes of all countries in a fair and equitable competition. In relation to countries and individuals, no discrimination on racial, religious or political reasons ... ". Games take place in the first year of the Olympiad (4-year period between games). Account Olympiads started in 1896, when the first Olympics (I Olympiad - 1896-1899 years). Competition gets your number and in cases when the Games are not conducted (eg, VI - in the years 1916-1919, XII-1940-1943, XIII - 1944 1947godah). Olympic symbol - five interlocking rings that symbolize the union of the five continents in the Olympic movement, so called. Olympic rings. Ring color on the top row - blue for Europe, black for Africa, red for America, in the bottom row - yellow for Asia, green for Australia. Besides the Olympic sports, the organizing committee has the right to choose to include a demonstration event on 1-2 sports, not recognized by the IOC. In the same year as the Olympic Games, in 1924 Winter Olympics, which have their own numbering. Venue Olympics IOC selects the right of their organization provided the city, not the country. Last no longer than 15 days (Winter games - no more than 10).      

The Olympic Movement is the emblem and flag, approved by the IOC proposal Coubertin in 1913. Logo - Olympic rings. Flag - the white flag with the Olympic rings in 1920 rises to the scene of the Central Stadium at all games. Motto - «Citius, Altius, Fortius» («Faster, Higher, Stronger").

Among the traditional rituals of the Games:         

* Lighting the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony (fire lit from the sun's rays at Olympia and delivered torch relay race athletes in the host city of the Games);         

* Saying one of the greatest athletes of the country in which the Olympic Games, the Olympic oath on behalf of all games;         

* Speak the name of the judicial oath of impartial judging;         

* Presentation of winners will be medals and diplomas;         

* Raising the national flag and the national anthem in honor of the winners.     

Since 1932, the city of the building "Olympic Village" - a complex of residential facilities for participants of the Games. According to the Charter, the Games are competitions between individual athletes, not between the national teams. However, since 1908, has been extended so-called. unofficial team event (CGN) - Define the space used commands, the number dialed and received medals in the competition points (points are awarded for the first six places in the system: 1st place - 7 points, 2nd - 5, 3rd - 4, 4th - 3, 5th - 2, 6th - 1).     

In the history of the modern Olympic movement with interesting facts related to the policy, economic and cultural development of the individual countries, regions, continents and the world community as a whole.     

All this, of course, is reflected in the development of sport. At the moment, almost all countries have their National Olympic Committees (NOCs), and some 200 of them, are associations of NOCs all over the world, but only a few countries had their Organising Committees of Olympic Games (OCOG). It's just 22 countries, and more so even smaller number of countries where the Olympic Games more than once - it is 13 countries.      

Ancestor of the Olympic Games is Greece, the only country where the Games were held today in the three centuries (I Olympics Games - 1896, an extraordinary Olympic Games - 1906, Games of the XXVIII Olympiad - 2004).     

The largest number of the Games held in the United States - 8, France - 5. but the Games in Germany has its historical features. Games in 1936 were held twice in the "Third Reich", and once in 1972 - in Germany, ie no longer existing states.     

In Italy, the games XVII Olympiad (1960), and twice Olympic Winter Games (1956 and 2006).     

Japan - the only country in Asia where the Olympic Games were held three times (XVIII Olympic Games - 1964, IX Olympic Winter Games (OWG) - 1972, XVIII Zoe - 1998).     

Double Olympic torch was lit in stadiums in Australia (in 1956 and 2000), the UK (1908 and 1948), Sweden (1912 and 1956).     

Canada was the organizer of the XXI Olympic Games (1976) and XV Zoe - (1988).     

Three countries (Austria, Norway and Switzerland) - have been organized only Winter Olympics (two times each).     

One became organizers of the Olympic countries such as Belgium, Spain, Mexico, the Netherlands, Finland and South Korea.     

In addition, the organizers of the Games were once - USSR (Games of the XXII Olympiad - 1980) and Yugoslavia (XIV Zoe - 1984), states that no longer exist on the world map.     

In August 2008, was the first organizer of the Games of the XXIX Olympiad - China.     

The Olympic flame is a symbol of the Olympic Games. It lit in the games during their opening and it burns continuously until their completion.      

The tradition of lighting the Olympic flame in ancient Greece there was at the time of the ancient Olympic Games. The Olympic flame is a reminder of the heroism of Prometheus, according to legend, stole fire from Zeus and gave it to people.     

The tradition was revived in 1928 and continues to this day. During the 1936 Olympic Games held in Berlin, was first held the Olympic torch relay. More than 3,000 runners participated in the delivery of the torch from Olympia to Berlin. At the Winter Olympics and the fire was ignited in 1936 and in 1948, but the relay race was first held in 1952, before the Olympic Games in Oslo, but it took not originate in Olympia, and Morgendale.

Usually the lighting of the fire trust a famous person, most often, an athlete, although there are exceptions. It is considered an honor to be chosen for the ceremony.       

Currently, the Olympic flame is lit in Olympia (Greece), a few months before the games. Eleven women, mostly actresses depicting priestesses performed the ceremony, during which one of them lights a fire with a parabolic mirror, focusing the rays of the sun. Then, the flame was taken to the city, conducting the Olympic Games. Usually use a torch carried by runners, delivering it to each other on the relay, but at different times used other modes of transportation. Besides the main torch of the Olympic flame is lit and special lamps for the storage of fire in case the main flame (or even fire to the Games themselves) will go for whatever reason. Know of one case where the fire went out during games (Montreal, 1976, during a rainstorm).     

The surprises began in 1952. Winter Games organizers decided to abandon the traditional idea of ​​lighting the Olympic flame. The ignition source was a fireplace in the house-museum of pioneer Norwegian ski Sandra Norgeyma. The entire relay route was done on skis. That same year, the fire of the Summer Olympics in Helsinki, part of the way (from Greece to Switzerland) flew in an airplane. Furthermore, in Finland, it was mixed with the flame lit by nonsetting polar sun.     

In 1964, the Olympic torch relay was very short. The fire was brought by plane from Athens to Vienna and from there to Innsbruck.     

Olympic Torch Relay in Mexico reiterated most of the way journey of Christopher Columbus.     

In 1976, in order to move from America to Europe, part of the energy of the flame has been transformed into a laser beam, which was sent via satellite to Ottawa, where relay continued.     

In 1992, a fire was lit flaming arrow shot from the bow of Paralympic Robollo Antonio.     

In 2000, the Sydney Olympic flame even had about three minutes to stay under water.       

The relay ends at the central stadium of the capital of games at the end of their opening ceremonies. Latest Member relay lights the fire in the bowl set in the stadium, where he stays until the end of games.      

Games organizers are trying to come up with an original way of lighting the Olympic flame in the bowl and make the event memorable. Details of the ceremony are kept secret until the last moment. Who will be responsible to light a fire, usually also be unannounced. Typically, this is a well-known athlete to instruct the host country of the Olympics.

Olympism, the Olympic Movement and the Olympic Games - is the most important social phenomenon in international life.     

Olympism - a set of philosophical, ethical, educational and organizational principles based on human, cultural and humanistic values ​​of sport.      

To the ideas and ideals of the Olympic movement are:

- The use of sports and sports activities in the struggle for peace and peaceful co-existence;

- Friendship and cooperation of athletes all over the world, and countries;

- Harmonious development of personality;

- Prohibition of discrimination on political, racial, social, religious and other grounds;

- The fight against nationalism, cosmopolitanism, commercialization and professionalization of the sport;

- Commitment to continuous strengthening humanistic values ​​of sport in the modern world.     

The Olympic Movement - a social movement based on the principles, ideas and ideals of Olympism, which consists of the organizations and people, regardless of their social status, political and religious beliefs, race, gender and age, contributing to the development of amateur sport.      

The main goals of the Olympic movement are:

- Worldwide dissemination of principles, ideas and ideals of Olympism;

- Contribute to the organization and development of amateur sports in the opposite professional sport that is different in nature and essence;

- Education of youth through sport in a spirit of mutual understanding and friendship;

- Promotion of sport and opportunities for its use of a physical, moral and aesthetic education of young people;

- Facilitating the implementation of the "Olympic Solidarity-with";

- Support the development and education of sports, educational, scientific and coaching staff to promote the use of sport in humanitarian purposes, the exchange of experience between them;

- Preparation and implementation of every 4 years the Olympic Games.      

Olympic Games - a comprehensive international competition Olympic athletes, the great feast of the world's youth. Games bring together top athletes of all countries in a fair and equitable competition. In the Olympic Games should be expressed social, educational, aesthetic, and moral aspects of this holiday. They practically implemented the ideas and ideals of the Olympic movement, the goals of the Olympic Movement.      

Paralympic Games - the competition with disabilities in a special program. Made immediately after the Games of the Olympiad and the Olympic Winter Games. Russian athletes participating in Paraolim-piyskih games in 1988 admired worldwide for its exceptional features. Directly record and win the competition have value only when consistent moral behavior of athletes and their coaches, judges and give priority to human values.      

From the standpoint of humanism, the Olympic system of views in the content of education and training of the highest value of the said person. Most important, the fundamental values ​​- a friendship and peace, mutual respect and understanding between peoples and countries.      

The future of the Olympic movement depends largely on how readily all states, governments and the international community will help the development of the Olympic movement and to comply strictly with the basic principle of the Olympic Charter: to prevent the Olympics is no racial, religious or political grounds to the country or individuals.     

The present time, the time to develop new forms of national and patriotic movements, is a product of the rapid changes. Our duty - to examine the situation and be prepared to help the Olympic movement in those countries that wish to become independent, to offer our assistance to their people and understanding their expectations. "

At the present stage, we solve the problem of mass conversion

sports movement into public, based on evidence-based system of physical education, which covers all social strata. There are state of the system software and evaluation of standards and requirements for physical development and training of the various age groups.    

Mandatory physical training for government programs are conducted in preschool, in all types of educational institutions, in the army.

Приложения

А