Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 07 Марта 2013 в 22:29, доклад
At the beginning of the 18th century Alexander Menshikov (a close associate of Peter the Great) was monitoring the building of the fortress in Krostadt on the island of Kotlin. So he decided to build one of his residences not far from the future fortress. For this purpose Peter I gave him a small fisherman village opposite the island of Kotlin. A lot of people took part in the construction of the fortress and soon a small village grew into a large palace settlement.
Lomonosov
Lomonosov town is situated on the southern coast of the Gulf of Finland 40 kilometres west of St-Petersburg.
At the beginning of the 18th century Alexander Menshikov (a close associate of Peter the Great) was monitoring the building of the fortress in Krostadt on the island of Kotlin. So he decided to build one of his residences not far from the future fortress. For this purpose Peter I gave him a small fisherman village opposite the island of Kotlin. A lot of people took part in the construction of the fortress and soon a small village grew into a large palace settlement.
There is an interesting legend about the name of the residence. In 1704 there was discovered a greenhouse with orange trees not far from Menshikov’s mansion. When Peter the Grate saw those seedlings he called the settlement Oranienbaum.
During the next 15 years there was build a palace with a park (now they are called the Grand or Menshikov Palace and the Lower Park) and a canal leading to the Gulf of Finland. Peter I often stopped here on his way to Krostadt.
In 1762 there was built a summer residence of Catherine II in Oranienbaum. It included the Chinese Palace, the Roller Coaster Pavilion, the Cavalier House, the Maid of honor House and the pier near the pond in front of the Chinese Palace. All these buildings were situated in the large Upper Park.
In the second half of the XVIII century the main architect of Oranienbaum was A.Rinaldy. He played a big role in creating of the palace and park ensemble. Before 1917 Oranienbaum was a summer residence of the royal family. Then it turned into the museum. Today it consists of three main ensembles. They are: the Grand (Menshikov) Palace with the Lower Park, Peterstadt with the Palace of Peter III and Peter’s Park and the summer residence of Catherine II with the Upper Park. During the Great Patriotic War there were fierce battles on the outskirts of Lomonosov (former Oranienbaum) but the town wasn’t captured by Nazis and its palaces and parks are preserved in their original form. In 2011 Lomonosov celebrated its 300th anniversary and got the title a “City of Military Glory”.