Famous people of Great Britain

 

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Тема:  Famous people of Great Britain

 

 

 

 

 

 

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1)Isaac Newton

2)Charles Darwin

3)Michael Faraday

4) Lord Rutherford

5) Alexander Fleming

     6)Hogarth, William

     7)Wilson, Richard

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  Famous people of Great Britain

 

There are many outstanding people in Great Britain. Britain produced statesmen, thinkers, explorers, musicians, writers, scientists and other people who are well known around the world.

 1)Isaac Newton one of the greatest men in the history of science was born in a little village in the middle of the 17th century. He studded math at Cambridge University. Newton's contribution to physics astronomy and math is so great that, he may be considered the founder of the mordent mathematics and physics. He discovered the law of motion and the universal law of gravitation. He studded the nature of light and colour and came to the conclusion that white colour consists of many different colours known as spectrum. He died when he was 84 and was burred at Westminster Abbey.

 

 

 

2)Charles Darwin. Since 1837 Darwin started to keep the diary in which brought data on breeds of pets and grades of plants, and also reasons about natural selection. In 1842 wrote the first sketch about an origin of species. Since 1855, Darwin corresponded with the American botanist A.Greem to whom in two years and stated the ideas. Under the influence of the English geologist and scientist C.Layel Darwin in 1856 started to prepare the third, expanded version of the book. In June, 1858 when work was executed half, received the letter from English naturalist A.R. Wallace with the manuscript of article of the last. In this article Darwin found the reduced statement of the own theory of natural selection. Two naturalists independently and at the same time developed identical theories. Both were influenced by T.R. Maltus's work about the population; to both Layel's views were known, both studied fauna, flora and geological formations of groups of islands and found considerable distinctions between types occupying them. Darwin sent Layelya Wallace's manuscript together with an own sketch, and also sketches of its second option (1844) and a copy of the letter to A.Greyu (1857). Layel addressed for council to English botanist Joseph Guker, and on July 1, 1858 they together presented to Linnean society in London both works. In 1859 Darwin published work «An origin of species by natural selection, or Preservation of favored breeds in fight for life» (On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life) where showed variability of types of plants and animals, their natural origin from earlier types.

 

 

 

3)Michael Faraday was born at the end of the 17th century. He was interested in electricity very much and spent long months studding this strange force. He discovered that electricity passed from the magnet to the wires and cowbell become a strong electric current. So he opened many laws of electricity and magnetism.

In 1824 Faradey was elected the member of Royal society, despite Davy active counteraction the relations with which became at Faradey by then quite difficult though Davy liked to repeat that from all his opening by the most considerable there was «Faradey's opening». The last also did justice to Davy, calling him «the great person». A year later after election in Faradey's Royal society appoint the director of laboratory of Royal institute, and in 1827 he receives professorial chair at this institute.

4)Lord Rutherford the great pioneer of nuclear physics received the Nobel Prize in 1908 for his investigations into decay of elements chemistry of radiated substances. Opened alpha and beta radiation, a korotkozhivushchy isotope of radon (them some, radon was opened earlier by the German chemist) and a set of isotopes. Explained on the basis of properties of radon radioactivity of thorium, opened and explained radioactive transformation of chemical elements, created the theory of radioactive disintegration, split atom of nitrogen, found a proton. Proved that an alpha particle — a helium kernel.

The first opened formation of new chemical elements at disintegration of heavy chemical radioactive elements. Specified for 30 % the relation of a charge to mass of an electron. Wrote and published 3 volumes of works. All its works have experimental character.

 

 

5)Alexander Fleming . By 1928 Fleming investigated properties стафилококков. It was already known for the early works and received reputation of the brilliant researcher, but thus his laboratory often was slovenly. On September 3, 1928 Fleming returned to the laboratory, having spent August with the family. Before departure it collected all the cultures стафилококков on a bench in a corner of its laboratory. Having returned, Fleming noticed that on one plate with cultures there were plesnevy mushrooms, and that the colonies which were present there стафилококков were destroyed, while other colonies were in norm. Fleming showed the cultures polluted by mushrooms to the former assistant Merlin Tsena who told: «Here as you also opened lizotsy» [5]. Fleming carried the mushrooms which have grown on a plate with his cultures, to a sort penitsillovy, and, some months later, on March 7, 1929 called the allocated substance penicillin.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6)Hogarth, William

In 1730 — 1731 Hogarth executed a series from six pictures, received the name «Career of the prostitute». The engraving prints of a series printed in 1732 used big success. It is not known, whether there was its model written on a series of pictures) invented or really existed. We see brightly made up young woman in these pictures. Through whitewash, blush and lipstick the tragic destiny of the person, compelled to work in so modest profession appears through. At that time the visitor of a brothel could receive any woman, having paid only a shilling.

 

The following series of engravings — «Career of the spendthrift» — was published in 1735, and in 1745 there was the well-known cycle «Fashionable marriage». Then other series, among which — «Diligence and laziness» (1747), «Four stages of cruelty» (1751) and "Elections" (4 engravings, 1755 — 1758) followed. Hogarth executed also a set of separate engravings, some portraits and a number of historical pictures. In 1753 its treatise «The beauty analysis» was published. In 1757 George II appointed Hogarth the main painter; in this position he became James Tornkhill's successor. In 1764 the artist let out the last engraving «The end, or the Chasm». In the mid-fifties the XVIII century honor in any English shop or a bookshop it was possible to buy William Hogarth's engravings. Better any biographers the self-portrait which composition is unusual — it «a picture in

 

 

David Garrick with the spouse, 1757 Royal meeting, Windsor

 

William Hogarth Portret Mary Edwards 1742. Collection of the Freak, New York

 

 

7)Wilson, Richard

Was born in Wales in a family of the priest, in 1729 got over to London where worked as the portraitist. In 1750 —  1757 traveled across Italy where according to the advice of Francesco Dzukkarelli addressed to landscape painting — having become, thus, the first large British artist who has devoted mainly to a landscape. Having returned to England, Wilson was included in 1768 into number of 40 founder members of Royal Academy of Arts.

Wilson's landscapes have a little abstract character, their influence was recognized by such outstanding British masters, as John Constable.

self-portrait

Lake Avernus, about 1765