The republic of Kazakhstan

Автор: Пользователь скрыл имя, 10 Марта 2013 в 14:54, курсовая работа

Краткое описание

Kazakhstan officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The ninth largest country in the world by land area, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of 2,727,300 square kilometres is larger than Western Europe.Moreover, lying on both sides of the Ural river makes Kazakhstan the only landlocked country in the world lying on two continents. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also borders on a large part of the Caspian Sea. The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands, steppe, taiga, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, snow-capped mountains, and deserts. With 16.6 million people (2011 estimate) Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.).

Файлы: 1 файл

the republic of kz.ppt

— 3.43 Мб (Скачать)

Republic of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan

 

China

 

General Information

 

Russia

 

Mongolia

 

Kyrgyzstan

 

Tajikistan

 

Azerbaijan

 

Georgia

 

    Ukraine

 

Belarus

 

Turkey

 

Turkmenistan

 

Uzbekistan

 

Armenia

 

Republic of Kazakhstan

 

 

Capital   ASTANA

Population   15.3 mln

Territory   2.7 mln sq km

               (9th place in the world)

Currency   TENGE (127/1USD)

Length of borders   12.187 km. 

 

Kazakhstan officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The ninth largest country in the world by land area, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of 2,727,300 square kilometres is larger than Western Europe.Moreover, lying on both sides of the Ural river makes Kazakhstan the only landlocked country in the world lying on two continents. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, and also borders on a large part of the Caspian Sea.

The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands,  steppe, taiga, rock-canyons, hills, deltas,  snow-capped mountains, and deserts. With 16.6  million people (2011 estimate) Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.). The capital was moved in 1998 from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city, to Astana.

 

Astana

Administrative divisions

Kazakhstan is divided into 14 provinces. The provinces are subdivided into districts.Almaty and Astana cities have the status of State importance and do not relate to any province. Baikonur city has a special status because it is currently being leased to Russia with Baikonur cosmodrome until 2050.

Each province is headed by an Akim  (provincial governor) appointed by the president.  Municipal Akims are appointed by province  Akims. The Government of Kazakhstan transferred  its capital from Almaty to Astana on  December 10, 1997.

There is considerable topographical variation  within Kazakhstan. The highest point is  the top of the mountain Khan Tengri,  on the Kyrgyz border in the Tian  Shan range, with an elevation of +  7,010 meters; the lowest point is the  bottom of the Karagiye depression at -132  m, in the Mangystau province east of  the Caspian Sea. Most of the country  lies at between 200 and 300 meters  above sea level, but Kazakhstan's Caspian  shore includes some of the lowest elevations  on Earth.

Many of the peaks of the Altay  and Tian Shan ranges are snow covered  year-round, and their run-off is the source  for most of Kazakhstan's rivers and streams.

 

Khan Tengri peak

Except for the Tobol, Ishim, and Irtysh  rivers (the Kazak names for which are,  respectively, Tobyl, Esil, and Ertis), portions  of which flow through Kazakhstan, all  of Kazakhstan's rivers and streams are  part of landlocked systems. They either  flow into isolated bodies of water such  as the Caspian Sea or simply disappear  into the steppes and deserts of central  and southern Kazakhstan. Many rivers, streams,  and lakes are seasonal, evaporating in  summer. The three largest bodies of water  are Lake Balkhash, a partially fresh,  partially saline lake in the east, near  Almaty, and the Caspian and Aral Seas,  both of which lie partially within Kazakhstan.

 

 Ishim river

Some 9.4 % of Kazakhstan's land is  mixed prairie and forest or treeless prairie,  primarily in the north or in the  basin of the Ural River in the west.  More than three-quarters of the country,  including the entire west and most of  the south, is either semidesert (33.2  %) or desert (44 %). The terrain  in these regions is bare, eroded, broken  uplands, with sand dunes in the Qizilqum  ('The Red Sands'; in the Russian form,  Kyzylkum) and Moyunqum (in the Russian  form, Muyunkum (Муюнкум)) deserts, which  occupy south-central Kazakhstan.

 

In the steppes of Central Asia (Aqmola  Province)

The Climate in Kazakhstan is continental.  In summer the temperatures average more  than 30 °C (86 °F) and in winter  average −20 °C (−4.0 °F).

Unusually rich in flora and fauna of  Kazakhstan. In the republic there are  more than 6,000 species of plants, 172  species of animals , 490 species of  birds, 50 species of reptiles, 12 species  of amphibians (Amphibia) and about 100  species of fish, about 100,000 insects  and other invertebrates. Some species of  plants and animals can be seen only  here, most of them are listed in  the Red Book.

Flora

 

In Kazakhstan, grow more than six thousand  species of plants, 515 of them are endemic.

Flora includes 68 species of trees,  266 species of shrubs, 433 species of  dwarf shrubs, 2598 species of perennial grasses, 849 species of annual grasses.

Forests in Kazakhstan occupy 1.2% of  the area with the saxaul forest and  scrub - 4.2%

 

Fauna:

 

 

-Birds - about 590 species; 

-Animals - 178 species;

-Reptiles - 49 species;

-Amphibians - 12 species ;

-Fish - 107 species;

-Insects - at least 30 million.

 

Bayanaul mountains

Betpak-dala desert

The Big Almaty Gorge in the Zaili  Alatau

The Red Canyon of the Charyn River

White Pelicans are put down in the  Red Book

The Ustyurt plato

A singing barkhan

 

3


Информация о работе The republic of Kazakhstan